1. Background knowledge for CPR
Practitioner Level

2. Objectives Assess for scene safety
List the principles of standard infection control precautions

3. Scene Survey Rationale Method
It is important that there is no risk to you as the rescuer or further risk to the patient, where a hazard is identified it must be removed to ensure safety
Method
Visually scan the area for hazards e.g.
Traffic
Electrical
Fire
Hypodermic Needles
Construction site e.g. debris

4. Standard Infection Control
Gloves
Facemask
Goggles

5. Standard Infection Control Precautions
It is required that healthcare workers use standard
precautions in the workplace
Barrier devices
Face Shield
Pocket Face mask

6. Adult Chain of Survival
Early Access
Early CPR
Early Defibrillation
Early Advanced Care

7. The Chain of Survival Early Access Early CPR Early Defibrillation9
The Chain of Survival
Early Access
Early CPR
Early Defibrillation
Early Advanced Care

8. Early Access Rationale Method Early recognition of a
life threatening emergency
Get an AED to the patient
quickly
Method
Calling for an emergency
ambulance (community) 999
& retrieving an AED
Or activate the in hospital emergency response number

9. Early CPR Rationale Method
Perfuse the brain & vital organs
Keeps the heart in Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
Buys time to allow for successful defibrillation using an AED
Double / triple with bystander CPR
Method
Providing good and effective chest compressions
Push hard Push fast
Providing ventilations (breaths)

10. Early CPR
Clinical Death
0-4
Mins 5 10 15 20
Biological Death
4-6

11. Early Defibrillation Rationale Method Time critical
The earlier an AED is used to defibrillate the heart
the higher the rate of success
As each minute of delay passes the rate of success
falls rapidly
Method
An AED delivers an electrical shock to the to the heart in VF in an attempt
to return the hearts own pacemaker to a normal rhythm
Witnessed V's Un-witnessed cardiac arrest

12. Early Advanced Care Rationale Method Pre-hospital and in Hospital
During resuscitation and Post resuscitation advanced
medical procedures may improve the chances of survival
Method
Insert devices to provide oxygen and protect the
patients airway
Vascular access to enable the administration of medications
Pre-hospital and in Hospital
Provided by Advanced Paramedic pre hospital
Provided by Medics and Nurses pre-hospital & in hospital

13. Paediatric Chain of Survival
Prevention of Arrest
Early CPR
Early Access
Early Advanced Care

14. Prevention of Arrest Rationale Method
Children do not typically suffer from heart disease
Primary cause of cardiac arrest in children is respiratory in nature
or as a result of trauma
Method
Bicycle helmets
Car seats, seat in the rear of cars, seat belts
Rail protection around pools
Locks on presses to prevent accidental poisoning
Back to sleep, no smoking around infant

15. Early CPR Rationale Method
As children usually suffer cardiac arrest as a result
of a respiratory problem, it is more beneficial to
provide a few minutes of CPR and then call for help
if you are a lone rescuer
Method
Providing ventilations (breaths)
Providing good and effective chest compressions
Push hard Push fast

16. Early Access Rationale Method
Early recognition of a life threatening emergency
Get an AED to the patient quickly
Method
Calling for an emergency ambulance (community)
Activating the emergency response team (hospital)
Retrieving an AED

17. Early Advanced Care Rationale Method Pre-hospital and in Hospital
During resuscitation and Post resuscitation advanced
medical procedures may improve the chances of survival
Method
Insert devices to provide oxygen and protect the
patients airway
Vascular access to enable the administration of medications
Pre-hospital and in Hospital
Provided by Advanced Paramedic pre hospital
Provided by Medics and Nurses pre-hospital & in hospital

18. Life Threatening Emergencies
Heart Attack
Stroke
Cardiac Arrest
Foreign body airway obstruction

19. Heart Attack Definition Signs and symptoms Atypical Presentations
A heart attack occurs when the blood vessel(s) that carry oxygen rich
blood to the heart muscle are severely narrowed or occluded by a clot
The result is that the muscle starts to die
Signs and symptoms
Chest Pain
Breathing difficulty
Sweating
Nausea
Weakness
Atypical Presentations
Complete Blockage
INFARCTED
AREA

20. Aspirin Pharmacology (Action) Indications
Inhibits platelet aggregation, which reduces
clot/thrombus formation
AKA Aspirin, Disprin®, AsproClear, NuSeal
Indications
Cardiac chest pain

21. Aspirin
Contra indications Allergy Bleeding disorder Gastric Ulcer Dosage 300mg soluble tablet Side effects Epigastric pain and discomfort Bronchospasm Gastrointestinal haemorrhage

22. Aspirin Demonstrate administration
Ensure that the patient is not allergic or has any
other contraindications
2. Explain the procedure, and get the patients consent
to administer aspirin
3. Dissolve one 300mg tablet in a small amount of
water ask the patient to drink this
4. Alternatively ask the patient to chew tablet
And swallow with a small amount of water

23. Stroke Definition Signs and symptoms
A blood vessel supplying blood to the brain
becomes occluded or a vessel supplying blood
to the brain bursts (80% Embolic, 20% Haemorrhagic)
Signs and symptoms
Paralysis on one side of the body
Numbness or weakness
Headache, difficulty with vision
Confusion, difficulty with speech

24. Stroke Caused by a Clot

25. Stroke Caused by a Bleed

26. Cardiac Arrest Definition Signs and symptoms
The heart muscle stops circulating blood to the
vital organs
Signs and symptoms
Unresponsive
No breathing
No pulse

27. Cardiac Arrest
The heart muscle stops circulating blood to the vital organs

28. Foreign body airway obstruction
Definition of Choking
Partial or complete obstruction of the airway by
A foreign body, this can be mild or severe
Signs and symptoms
Mild
Good air exchange
Responsive
Can cough

29. Foreign body airway obstruction
Signs and symptoms
Severe
Poor or no air exchange
Weak ineffective cough or no cough
High pitched noise or silent when inhaling
Unable to speak
Universal signal “Clasping neck with hands”
May be cyanotic “Blue”

30. Foreign body airway obstruction
Signs and symptoms
Severe
Universal signal “Clasping neck with hands”
Poor or no air exchange
Weak ineffective cough or no cough
High pitched noise or silent when inhaling
Unable to speak
May be cyanotic “Blueness around mouth”

31. Questions ?????