1. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

2. MagnetiSM
Ferromagnetic materials like iron, nickel and cobalt can be magnetized easily.
Ferromagnetic materials have dipoles that can all be aligned under the influence of a magnetic field to form a magnetic domain. This causes an unmagnetized metal to develop "poles".

3. MagnetiSM
Magnetic induction of soft iron doesn't last long, but hard iron contains more carbon and keeps its magnetism longer
Dropping or heating the metal can misalign the dipoles and demagnetize the metal.

4. Law of Magnetic Poles Opposite magnetic poles attract
Similar magnetic poles repel

5. BAR MAGNET: MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
Lines close together signify greater force
Lines are concentrated at the poles (3D)
Conventionally lines go from [S] to [N] inside the magnet and from [N] to [S] outside the magnet.
Lines do not cross

6. Two Magnets: Like poles

7. Two Magnets: unLike poles

8. PRINCIPLE OF ELECTROMAGNETISM
Oersted’s Discovery
Hans Christian Oersted ( ) accidentally discovered that a current running through a conductor generated a magnetic field that could influence a compass.
Principle of Electromagnetism
Whenever an electric current moves through a conductor, a magnetic field is created in the region around the conductor. The symbol we use for magnetic field is

9. RIGHT HAND RULE #1 STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR
If the conductor is held in the right hand, the direction of the current follows the thumb while the direction of the curled fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field.

10. Current convention Arrow head
Current coming towards you – out of the page
Arrow tail
Current going away from you – into the page

11. STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR

12. STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR

13. STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR

14. STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR

15. STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR

16. STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR

17. RIGHT HAND RULE #2 COILED CONDUCTOR
If a coil is grasped in the right hand with the curled fingers representing the direction of the electrical current, the thumb points in the direction of the magnetic field inside the coil.
Magnetism: Electromagnets

18. COILED CONDUCTOR

19. COILED CONDUCTOR

20. COILED CONDUCTOR

22. APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETS: LIFTING MAGNET

23. APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETS: ELECTRIC BELL

24. APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETS: RELAY

25. RELAY: PRACTICE

26. ELECTRIC BELL: PRACTICE

27. mAGNETIC FORCE ON A MOVING CHARGE
A moving electric charge or current produces a magnetic field, (Units: Tesla, T = kg/(Cs). (scientist: Oersted).
A current can exert a force on a magnet and a magnet can exert a force on a current.

28. TWO CURRENT CARRYING STRAIGHT CONDUCTORS

29. TWO CURRENT CARRYING STRAIGHT CONDUCTORS: CURRENT IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION (SERIES)
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30. TWO CURRENT CARRYING RING CONDUCTORS: CURRENT IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION (SERIES)
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31. TWO CURRENT CARRYING STRAIGHT CONDUCTORS: CURRENT IN SAME DIRECTION (PARALLEL)
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32. TWO CURRENT CARRYING RING CONDUCTORS: CURRENT IN SAME DIRECTION (PARALLEL)
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33. TWO CURRENT CARRYING STRAIGHT CONDUCTORS

34. TWO CURRENT CARRYING STRAIGHT CONDUCTORS

35. RIGHT HAND RULE #3 THE MOTOR PRINCIPLE
If the fingers of the open right hand point in the direction of the external magnetic field, and the thumb represents the direction of the electrical current, the force on the conductor will be in the direction in which the right palm faces.

36. THE MOTOR PRINCIPLE

37. THE MOTOR PRINCIPLE

38. THE MOTOR PRINCIPLE: RIGHT HAND RULE 3

39. ELECTRIC MOTOR

44. ELECTRIC MOTOR: PRACTICE

45. ELECTRIC MOTOR: PRACTICE

46. FARADAY’S APPARATUS

48. wHAT DETERMINES THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT IN A MOVING ELECTRIC FIELD?

49. lenz’s law

51. LENZ’S LAW

52. LENZ’S LAW

53. LENZ’S LAW

54. LENZ’S LAW

55. LENZ’S LAW

56. DC versus AC current
Electromagnetic Induction
Transformer Animation
Video: Investigating Electricity and Magnestism
Electricity and Magnetism OR
Discovering Electricity
Part 2: Generating Electricity (18 min)
Electrical Principles
Magnets
Electromagnestism
Charge in a Magnetic Field
Magnetism - Transformers