1. Warm-Up: Copy and Answer the Following Questions
The Monroe Doctrine declared that the US would
A. prevent the establishment of new European colonies anywhere in the world
B. Help colonies in North and South America adopt democratic forms of gov’t
C. View European interference in the Americas as a threat to the national interest of the US
D. prevent other nations from trading with South American nations
The term Manifest Destiny was first used to support
A. Independence from Great Britain
B. Westward expansion to the Pacific Ocean
C. Efforts to stop secession of Southern states
D. Laws restricting labor union activity

2. Goal 2: Expansion and Reform (1801-1850)

3. ***Manifest Destiny***
The idea that God had given the entire continent to Americans, and wanted them to settle the western lands
This meant expanding at any cost: Native Americans were considered a nuisance to be gotten rid of

5. 1. Dealing with the Indians
Lewis and Clark
Andrew Jackson
Indian Removal Act – funded the Trail of Tears
Trail of Tears – thousands of Native Americans were forced to march to Oklahoma for resettlement

6. Worcester v. Georgia
Sequoyah and the Cherokee sued for the right to stay on their land
They won
Andrew Jackson defied the ruling and forced them to move anyway
“John Marshall has made his decision, now let’s see him enforce it.”

8. 2. Dealing with Slavery
Sectionalism – growing division between the North and South
BALANCE OF POWER IN THE SENATE was being compromised by slavery

10. Comparing the North and South
Industrial economy, based on manufacturing
factories relied on poor immigrant workers, not slaves
Favored high tariffs
Favored strong federal gov’t to build roads and railways, regulate currency, protect trade

12. Comparing the North and South
The South
Agrarian (farming) economy based mostly on cotton
Cotton production tied to plantation system – slavery was key
Few immigrants from Europe
Manufactured little, so they opposed high tariffs
Favored strong STATE gov’t; feared the federal gov’t would restrict slavery

14. Missouri Compromise of 1820
Missouri would be entered as a slave state, while Maine would be entered as a free state
36°30’ would be the dividing line
MAIN POINT!!! – It was designed to maintain the balance of power in the Senate, therefore avoiding war

15. Which was a successful attempt to satisfy both Northern and Southern views on slavery?
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Manifest Destiny
Adams-Onis Treaty
Tariff of Abominations

16. Answer
The Missouri Compromise of 1820

17. 3. Dealing with Texas… Texas was Mexican territory
Sam Houston led the Texas settlers in a rebellion against Santa Anna (the Mexican dictator) in the Battle of the Alamo
Eventually, the Texans
won freedom

18. Texas applied for statehood
but was denied
Northerners were again afraid of an imbalance of power if Texas was admitted as a slave state
Texas remained its own country until it was finally annexed in 1845

19. 4. Dealing with Oregon Lewis and Clark had opened up the Oregon Trail
Thousands of American settlers had moved to the Oregon territory
Dispute with Britain over control of the territory

20. 54°40’ or Fight!
Britain gave up the territory because A) it was no longer profitable and B) they needed the US as a trade partner
Oregon became US territory in 1846
Webster-Ashburton Treaty – established our northern border with Canada

22. 5. Dealin1g with Mexico…
The Mexican War ( ), led by Zachary Taylor
Used concept of Manifest Destiny to justify the Mexican War
Mexico was still angry about Texas; they crossed the Rio Grande and attacked Taylor’s troops
The US won

23. MAIN POINT!!! – the Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo ended the war and gave us New Mexico and California (known as the Mexican Cession)
(California became profitable later, in 1848, when gold was discovered)

25. 6. Dealing with Slavery…again
Territory gained from the Mexican War made everyone nervous again about power imbalance in the Senate
Wilmot Proviso – a proposal to make any land gained from Mexico free territory
MAIN POINT!!! – Even though it didn’t pass, it reopened the slave state/free state debate

26. The issue of slavery would continue to be a problem, eventually leading to the CIVIL WAR

27. Transcendentalism
A set of new ideas and beliefs, emerging in New England in the mid-1800s, including…
Literature
Religion
Culture
Philosophy

28. Major Figures in Transcendentalism
Henry David Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Edgar Allen Poe

29. James Fenimore Cooper
Wrote a series of stories called The Leatherstocking Tales
They described the adventures of the main character Natty Bumppo
Most famous work was The Last of the Mohicans
MAIN POINT!!! – Cooper helped create a distinctly American culture