1. UNIT 3 THE CONSCIOUS SELF
AREA OF STUDY 1: MIND, BRAIN & BODY

2. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
The cerebral cortex of each hemisphere can be divided into four regions called cortical lobes
Each cortical lobe is associated with different structures and functions. The four lobes are:
F-POT
FRONTAL LOBE PARIETAL LOBE
OCCIPITAL LOBE TEMPORAL LOBE
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3. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
There are 3 particular areas of cortex contained within each of the lobes. These include:
SENSORY AREAS:
Receive and process information from
sensory receptors in the body
Primary visual cortex (occipital lobe)
Primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe)
Primary somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
MOTOR AREAS:
Receive and process information about
voluntary bodily movements
Primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)
ASSOCIATION AREAS:
Receive and combine information from the more specialised areas
Allow us to undertake more complex cognitive processes
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4. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE FRONTAL LOBE
POSITION:
Occupies the upper forward half of each cerebral hemisphere, right behind the forehead
ROLE:
Contains the primary motor cortex
Contains Broca’s area for speech production
Has an ‘executive’ role in our thinking, feeling and behaving (the pre-frontal cortex)
Involved with attention
Control and expression of emotions
Planning and initiative
Coordinates the functions of many of the other lobes
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5. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE FRONTAL LOBE – THE PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
POSITION:
Located at the rear of each frontal lobe and running roughly across the top of your head
ROLE:
The left motor cortex controls voluntary movements on the right side of the body
The right motor cortex controls voluntary movements on the left side of the body
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6. HOMEWORK LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.3 (pg.178) LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.4 (pg.178)
KK 5B – LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.3 (PAGE 178)
KK 5B – LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.4 (PAGE 178)

7. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE FRONTAL LOBE – BROCA’S AREA
POSITION:
Located in the left frontal lobe only, next to the motor cortex areas that control the muscles of the face, tongue, jaw and throat. Roughly in front of, and slightly above, the left ear
ROLE:
Production of articulate speech, that is, speech that is clear and fluent
Coordinates movement of muscles required for speech and supplies this information to the appropriate motor cortex areas
Linked to and interacts with areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved with the meaning of words and the structure of sentences
Involved with understanding the grammatical structure of a sentence
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8. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE PARIETAL LOBE
POSITION:
Located behind the frontal lobe and occupies the upper back half of the brain
ROLE:
Contains the primary somatosensory cortex which enables us to perceive bodily sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature, muscle movement and the position of our limbs
Receives and combines information from within the lobe and other structures and areas in the brain
Enables us to sense the position of our body and limbs in space
Attention and spatial reasoning
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9. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE PARIETAL LOBE – THE PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
POSITION:
Located at the front of each parietal lobe, just behind and parallel to the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe
ROLE:
The left somatosensory cortex receives and processes sensory information from the right side of the body
The right somatosensory cortex receives and processes sensory information from the left side of the body
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10. HOMEWORK LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.5 (pg.182)
KK 5B – LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.5 (PAGE 182)

11. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE TEMPORAL LOBE
POSITION:
Located in the lower, central area of the brain, above and around the top of each ear
ROLE:
Contains the primary auditory cortex that receives and processes sounds from both ears
Contains the hippocampus and amygdala
Plays important role in memory
Enables us to identify objects and recognise faces
Controls our emotional responses to sensory information and memories
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12. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE TEMPORAL LOBE – THE PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX
POSITION:
Located at the top of each temporal lobe just below the parietal lobe
ROLE:
Receives and processes sounds from both ears
Has specialised areas that receive and process different features of sound and identify the sound (eg. frequency & amplitude)
Specialised areas process different types of sound (eg. verbal sounds in the left hemisphere, non-verbal in the right hemisphere)
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13. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE TEMPORAL LOBE – WERNICKE’S AREA
POSITION:
Located towards the rear of the left temporal lobe only, next to the primary auditory cortex
ROLE:
Also involved in speech production but has a crucial role in the comprehension of speech; more specifically, in interpreting the sounds of human speech
Locates the appropriate words from memory to express intended meanings when we speak or write
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14. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX BROCA’S & WERNICKE’S AREA – WORKING TOGETHER
STEP 1: Wernicke’s area interprets the sound of human speech
STEP 2: Broca’s area coordinates the movements of the muscles required for speech
and supplies this information to the appropriate motor cortex areas
STEP 3: The motor cortex controls the
movements of the muscles
in and around the mouth and
tongue to produce speech
STEP 4: Speech is produced
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15. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE OCCIPITAL LOBE
POSITION:
Located at the rearmost area of each cerebral hemisphere, at the back of your head
ROLE:
Contains the primary visual cortex
Almost exclusively devoted to the sense of vision
Association areas interact with the primary visual cortex to select, organise and integrate visual information
Interacts with the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes to integrate visual information with other information such as memory, language and sounds
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16. THE FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX THE OCCIPITAL LOBE – THE PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX
POSITION:
Located at the base of each occipital lobe
ROLE:
The major destination for visual information from the two eyes (the photoreceptors on the retina)
The left half of each eye (receives visual sensory information from the right visual field) sends information to the left visual cortex
The right half of each eye (receives visual sensory information from the left visual field) sends information to the right visual cortex
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17. CLASSROOM ACTIVITY DRAWING THE BRAIN ON A BALLOON
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.8 (pg.190)
KK 5B – CLASSROOM ACTIVITY – LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.8 (PAGE 190)

18. HOMEWORK LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.6 (pg.190)
KK 5B – LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.6 (PAGE 190)