2. Unit 1.4: Religious Conflict = New Exploration
British defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588:
A sea battle took place in the English Channel
Spain sends Armada = 130 ships
British Navy = 200 ships
The faster English ships won against the slower Spanish Galleons
Immediate (Short Term) Effects:
1) England remained Protestant and independent.
2) Spain’s image suffered = No longer dominant country
Long term Effects:
1) Spain no longer had control over lands in the New World by sheer power alone. Other countries began challenging Spain for the land rights in the New World

4. Unit 1.4: Religious Conflict = New Exploration
British defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588:
A sea battle took place in the English Channel
Spain sends Armada = 130 ships
British Navy = 200 ships
The faster English ships won against the slower Spanish Galleons
Immediate (Short Term) Effects:
1) England remained Protestant and independent.
2) Spain’s image suffered = No longer dominant country
Long term Effects:
1) Spain no longer had control over lands in the New World by sheer power alone. Other countries began challenging Spain for the land rights in the New World

6. Unit 1.4 – B : British struggle to establish Colonies in America

7. Objective
Explain why England wanted to establish colonies in North America.
Describe the experience of the settlers who founded the first permanent English colony in Jamestown.

8. Unit 1-4: British Colonies in America
The Mystery of Roanoke
1584 Queen Elizabeth gives Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim land in North America
Raleigh’s scouts report that Roanoke Island is a good place for a colony
First attempt fails after a difficult winter  colonists return to England
Second attempt fails after White returns to England for supplies, but does not return for three years

10. Unit 1-4: British Colonies in America
Mystery of Roanoke:
White returns to Roanoke (3 years later)
Island is deserted
only clue was a tree with the word Croatoan carved on it
White is unable to search due to bad weather
Roanoke colonists never seen again
Effects:
England, under Elizabeth I, does not give much more focus to colonies in the New World
After the colony of Roanoke failed, and Sir Walter Raleigh nearly bankrupt
Few were willing to risk that kind of money

12. Unit 1-4: British Colonies in America
New King, James I renews England’s quest for colonies in North America
Merchants asking for charters
Charters: right to form a colony
Problem  King James I would not fund colonies with royal money

13. Unit 1-4: British Colonies in America
Solution to financing the colonies, without relying on a single investor:
Joint-Stock Companies
Joint-stock companies:
A group of individual people invested their money into a colony to earn profits. They divided profits and losses.
The two most notable joint-stock companies:
Virginia Company of London
Virginia Company of Plymouth

14. Joint-Stock Companies
$$$ $$
$$$$$$ =
Jamestown $

15. Unit 1-4: British Colonies in America
First three English colonies:
Roanoke
privately funded (one-person)
Failed!
Sagadahoc
funded by Plymouth Company
Jamestown
funded by the Virginia Company of London
Successful!

16. Unit 1-4: British Colonies in America
Jamestown fairs better than the other colonies
John Smith’s Rules
“He that will not work shall not eat.”
Farming
Stop searching for gold and riches
Powhatan stopped trading food to them and they nearly starved (“the starving time”)
Learned to grow tobacco
A cash crop = Need for Labor

17. Unit 1-4: British Colonies in America
Colony of Virginia expands
John Rolfe married Powhatan chief’s daughter Pocahontas
Virginia company sends women to Jamestown
Land Grants
Virginia Company saw settlers as employees
Headright/Land grants settlers who paid there own way to the colony were granted 50 acres of land
Company let settlers own parts of the land
Settlers worked harder when it was their own land, and not the company’s
Colony still struggles King James revokes charter and makes Virginia a royal colony (directly controlled by British government)

19. Unit 1-4: British Colonies in America
The first representative assembly in America:
The House of Burgesses, a group of elected representatives who would meet once a year in an assembly.
Created in 1619
Reasons the representative assembly created:
Colonists were annoyed at the strict rule by the Virginia Company’s governor who was feeling pressure to produce a profit.
Wanted more local control
Importance of the representative assembly:
Established the first representative government
Came as a result of angered settlers; was forced by the king

21. Unit 1-4 – C: England established dominance in North America

22. Explain the importance of self- government in the colonies.
Objective
Explain the importance of self- government in the colonies.

23. Unit 1-4:The Effects of Exploration
Seeking Religious Freedom
Everything that is occurring in the colonies in this time period all stems from events that began in the 1500s – socially, politically, interactions, culturally, and economically
After the Church of England is established:
King Henry the VIII He persecuted (attacked) anyone who was not loyal to the Church of England
1000s left England rather than converting
After the success of Jamestown the New World is an option
This would mean Puritans, Pilgrims, and Separatists
The images is the symbol of the Church of England (cross + E)

24. Unit 1-4:The Effects of Exploration
The PILGRIMS Settle Plymouth:
Separatist group (40 “Saints”) rejected Church of England, fled to Holland, became dissatisfied with Holland
Approached Virginia Company for a charter to settle in America
Sailed to America, but settled outside the agreed area
Ended up in Cape Cod

25. Original charter territory
Landed outside the charter territory = no longer “legal”

26. Unit 1-4:The Effects of Exploration
The Mayflower Compact:
Two major principles established
Self-government and Majority Rule
Freedom of Religion (NOT RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE)
Long term effects of these principles
Laying the foundation for the democratic ideas that would later be used by the founding fathers.

28. Unit 1-4:The Effects of Exploration
Three reasons why English citizens left England to go to the Americas:
Lack of economic opportunity in England
Stories of gold mines and fortunes to be made
Fleeing Religious persecution

30. Unit 1-4:The Effects of Exploration
The Puritans:
A religious group that sought to purify or reform religious practices of Church of England. King James persecuted them and they fled to America by the thousands.
How are the Puritans different from the Pilgrims?
Pilgrims
Puritans
Pilgrims wanted to completely separate from the Church of England (hence the term Separatists)
Only about 102 came to America on the Mayflower
Came over under the Virginia Company of Plymouth
Puritans wanted to reform the religious practices of the Church of England.
Roughly 20,000 Fled to America = Great Migration
Many invested in the Massachusetts Bay Company
Were well prepared for colonies

31. Unit 1-4:The Effects of Exploration
Massachusetts Bay Colony:
The principles developed by John Winthrop led t0 success
John Winthrop was the Puritan Governor and started the new colony would be a Commonwealth (where everyone works together for the good of the whole)
The colony centered around congregation
They held town meetings to make laws, vote for elected officials and by law – everyone had to attend church services

32. Congregation = Members of a given church

33. Unit 1-4:The Effects of Exploration
Puritans emphasized:
1) duty
2) godliness
3) hard work
- Puritans believed amusement and playing games led to laziness and was the devil’s work
- Idle hands are the devil’s tools
- Hard work lead to rapid success of colony
4) honesty
Strict enforcement of rules led people to form new colonies