1. Physical Science Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformation
What is Energy?

2. Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation Benchmarks
SC.5.P Investigate and describe some basic forms of energy, including light, heat, sound, electrical, chemical, and mechanical.
Also Assesses:
SC.5.P Investigate and explain that energy has the ability to cause motion or create change.
SC.4.P Investigate and explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects and that pitch depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.
SC.4.P Describe how moving water and air are sources of energy and can be used to move things.
SC.3.P Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels from one medium to another.
SC.3.P Demonstrate that light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.
SC.3.P Investigate, observe, and explain that things that give off light often also give off heat.
SC.3.P Investigate, observe, and explain that heat is produced when one object rubs against another, such as rubbing one's hands together.

3. Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation Benchmarks
SC.5.P Investigate and explain that electrical energy can be transformed into heat, light, and sound energy, as well as the energy of motion. Also Assesses:
SC.3.E Demonstrate that radiant energy from the sun can heat objects and when the sun is not present, heat may be lost.  
SC.4.P Recognize that heat flows from a hot object to a cold object and that heat flow may cause materials to change temperature.  
SC.4.P Identify common materials that conduct heat well or poorly.

4. What is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work.
Energy is the ability to cause a change.
Energy can change an object’s:
motion shape
temperature color
Engage: Ask who ate breakfast this morning? Why? (To get energy to come to school.) 4 4

5. Energy is all around us! You can hear energy as sound
when someone talks.
You can see mechanical energy every time you move.
You can see energy as light from the sun or a lamp.
You can feel it as heat warms things up.
Discovery Fundamentals:
Energy Makes it Happen
Evaluation: Ask students what are some examples of energy in this room. Tell students to look at the clip art in the slide and name an energy that is all around us. Ask students to give other examples of energy in their lives.

6. What are the Forms of Energy?
Electrical
Light
Sound
Chemical
Heat/Thermal
Mechanical
kinetic
potential

7. Kinetic Energy Energy due to motion. Types of kinetic energy
Kinetic energy can change into other forms of energy.

8. Types of potential energy
Stored energy that could cause change in the future.
Potential energy is stored energy--energy ready to go.  A lawn mower filled with gasoline, a car on top of a hill, and students waiting to go home from school are all examples of potential energy.
Types of potential energy
gravitational
compressed spring
chemical
magnetic

9. Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position)
All energy can be in one of two states:  potential energy or kinetic energy.
The amount of mechanical energy depends on the object’s speed and mass.
Mechanical energy can change into other forms of energy.

10. Chemical Energy
Chemical energy is made when substances react and form new substances.
Food, batteries, and fuels such as oil and gasoline are stored chemical energy.
Chemical energy can change to:
sound light
thermal electrical
kinetic
ScienceSaurus p. 285

11. What is Sound? Sound is a form of energy produced by a
vibration or a back and forth movement of an object.
Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from its source of its matter.
The more vibrations the waves have, the more energy, the louder the sound.
The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the higher the sound.
How high or low a sound is called the pitch.

12. What is light? Light is something that allows us to see objects.
Light is a form of energy.
Light is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles.
Engage Activity: Direct students to look a wall chart of teacher’s choice and focus on it. Then turn off the lights, making the room as dark as possible. Ask how clear is the chart you were looking at? Turn the lights back on. Have students discuss why it was hard to see? Allow for responses. What else do you see in the room? What you really see is light bouncing off … the print on the chart, the walls, the tables, the chairs, etc. You can only see objects if they reflect light . If possible, play Color is Muted Light from Bill Nye’s classroom edition DVD LIGHT AND COLOR.
Explain: Distribute a light graphic organizer (LGO) for students to write light facts as the exploration of light and its properties continues.
Ask: What is light? Light is something that allows us to see objects. (Add to Light Graphic Organizer) Has light helped us do work? Does light create change? Is light a form of energy? Yes, Light is a type of energy. (Add to LGO) How does it work?
Explore with the Beam of Light activity: Let’s take a closer look at a beam of light. Remind students that it is important never to look directly at any source of light, because it could damage their eyes. Shine a flashlight at the ceiling.
Ask is light passing through air? Yes. Why can’t you see a beam of light in the air? Light is invisible just like the air. So we’ll follow these steps to observe a light beam : Ask for a volunteer from each group (about seven). Give one volunteer a flashlight. Put a small amount of talcum powder in the palm of each of the other volunteers’ hands. Line up these volunteers in pairs facing each other in a straight line with their palms extended holding the powder. Direct the volunteer with the flashlight to shine the flashlight just below the row of hands. Turn off the lights. The darker the room, the more easily the beam can be seen. Tell the participants to observe while the volunteers with powder clap their hands.
Ask. Can you see the light beam? Why? (The moving particles of light are reflecting off the talcum powder in the air.
Light is a type of energy (Add to LGO) produced by the vibration of electrically charged particles. Go to SF Pearson SuccessNet Video # 109.
We’ll learn more about light by exploring light’s properties.

13. Properties of Light Light travels in a straight path.
Light doesn’t travel through all objects.
These are defined as opaque.
Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.
Engage:
What kind of path did the light from the flashlight take in the previous activity? Then demonstrate the following with a volunteer:
From a distance of about five meters, point the flashlight in its off position at the board. Have a new volunteer draw a big X on the board where he / she predicts the flashlight beam will hit. Then turn on the flashlight. Observe the beam. What happened?
Gr. 3 Physical Science AIMS activity: Flashlight Findings pp
Explain: (Add to LGO) Light travels in a straight path. Gr. 3 SF p. 371
Then repeat except this time have a volunteer place a thick piece of cardboard (or some other kind of opaque object ) in front of the beam. What happened this time? The light rays are blocked, and the cardboard casts a shadow. (Add to LGO) Light doesn’t travel through all objects. The cardboard absorbed the light rays. Absorbed light is converted into some other form, such as thermal energy. Can someone explain why most car owners prefer a light color car interior versus a black interior? What kind of energy is light converted to in this example? (heat)
Add to LGO. Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.
Extension: If available, play Bill Nye’s Classroom Edition DVD LIGHT AND COLOR. Go to Watch Program Section: Science Standards Clips, Clip 3 Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.

14. Properties of Light Continued
Light bounces off or is reflected from some kinds of opaque objects.
Some objects let all light pass through them are known as:
transparent
Some objects let some light pass through them are known as:
translucent
Angles of Reflection
Explain: Light will not travel through all objects, however it is not always absorbed. The moon makes no light of its own. Instead, it reflects the light that shines on it from the Sun. SF Gr. 3 p. 372
Explore: Let’s try modeling this property through the Reflecting Light Activity. Call for four volunteers. Give each one a number. Provide three mirrors and a flashlight. Number one volunteer will hold the flashlight, while the others will hold the mirrors. Choose a spot on a wall and challenge the volunteers to reflect a flashlight beam to that spot.
As # 1 with the flashlight shines the beam on # 2’s mirror, challenge # 2 to aim the mirror at # 3’s mirror and reflect the light in that direction. Then # 3 bounces the beam to the fourth person, who tries to aim the beam at the designated spot on the wall. What path did the light take from mirror to mirror? Why?
Explain: Let’s take a closer look through an online tutorial. Click on the hyperlink Angles of Reflection.
Must be in slide show mode.

15. Bending Light Lab Write down responses on your note page.
Problem: What does light do when it travels from one medium or state of matter (air) through another medium (water)?
Hypothesis:
Test and Observe: Follow steps from the lab sheet.
Conclusion:
Explore and explain with the Bending Light Lab:
Pass out a clear plastic cup, and container of water to each group.
Have participants observe the clear plastic cup, the water and the air in the room. Ask what do these three objects have in common? They are all see through or transparent. Light is passing through them.
Pass out the Lab sheet and a straw to each group.
Problem: What does light do when it travels from one medium (air) through another medium (water)?
Hypothesis: What do you think will happen?
Test and Observer: Follow steps from the lab sheet.
Conclusion: The light passing through the air slows down when it enters the water. The water caused the light to bend or refract and make the straw look bent. When a light beam strikes a cup of water, it changes direction or bends. This is called refraction.
Grade 3 AIMS Activity: Light Rays Slow Down pp

16. Light Changes Direction
Light bends or refracts as it passes from one medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas) to another.
Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial
Explain:
Have participants add the refraction light property to their LGO. What different mediums did the light pass through? Air, plastic, water What property do all of these objects have in common?
They’re transparent.
Explain: If time allows use the hyperlink to take the participants on a virtual refraction tutorial that elaborates and allows for clarifications.
Extend: What ways have people found to use bent light? Magnifying glass, eye glasses, telescopes, microscopes

17. What is Thermal Energy? Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic
and potential energy of the atoms in an object.
When any form of matter gets warmer, the
kinetic energy of its atoms increases.
The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy increases.
A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or state of matter.
Temperature is a measure of thermal energy.
Engage: SF TE p Quick Activity as a teacher demonstration. Materials: balloon, empty plastic water bottle, bowl of ice, thermos of hot water Put the balloon on top of the bottle opening Place it in the container of warm water. Observe. The balloon will inflate. Why? 3. Then place the same bottle and balloon into the container of ice water. Observe. What happened? Repeat steps 2 and then 3 again. What happened? Why?
Explain: Students read p. 462 to find out what is thermal energy is and what it has to do with the balloon inflating and deflating.
Students take notes as you read/discuss pages 462 – 463 together. Students can also read ScienceSaurus pp. 288 – 291 for added information including sources of heat.
Elaborate: Grade 5 AIMS Physical Science p. 201 When Hot and Cold Meet demonstration lab.

18. Forms of Energy Energy Forms Heat/thermal Electrical Chemical
Mechanical:
potential
kinetic
Light /Radiant
What Happens?
Objects warm. Food cooks.
Lights on. / Machines run.
Organisms move and grow.
Flashlights light up.
Sled sits on top of a hill.
Sled slides down the hill.
Plants grow. / Lasers cut.
Evaluate:
Ask students to give examples about what happens from each of the forms of energy in the first column. Then show the 2nd column and compare their responses to the given ones in the 2nd column.

19. What is the Transformation of Energy?
Energy can change and move from one object
to another.
chemical > electrical > light
Where does the energy of a lit light bulb transfer to
after the flashlight has been on for a while?
Heat energy transfers into the air.
Explore: Students visit the energy stations to explore energy forms and energy transformations.

20. Forms of Energy Stationstaions
Identify and record the different forms of energy in your science notebook as you rotate throughout the various stations.
Reflections:
Describe what you learned in the energy stations.
What was interesting?
What do you want to learn more about?
Explore/explain: Ahead of time set up energy stations. Students will respond in their notebook.
Share and discuss activity responses.
Explore/ Explain/ Evaluate: Teacher sets up the 10 Stations that assess forms of energy and energy transformation. See handout from Science Leaders’ Meeting Week of Oct. 31 – Nov. 4th, Students rotate through the 10 Stations and write their responses in their notebooks.

21. What are some transfers and/or transformations of energy that are taking place in our classroom, in our school or at home?
Explain/Evaluate: First have students share their experiences from visiting the energy stations. Next have students use the clip art on the slide and name various energy paths. Last have students can name paths in the classroom, in the school and for home learning at home.

22. Transformation of EnergyB. B. C.
Evaluate: Have students number their journal and write how energy is changed from one form to another.
1) A. B.
2) A. C.
Extension: Explore Learning GIZMO: Energy Conversions

23. Energy Transformation
Explain
How is energy changing when a toaster is in use?
A toaster uses electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy.

24. Energy Interactive Online Resources
Energy and the Environment:
Science for Kids: Sound and Hearing
resources

25. Online Energy Videos and More
The Energy Story:
Mechanical Energy (animation)
Energy
Kids and Energy
resources

26. Discovery Resources Fundamental: Energy Makes it Happen
Exploration: Forms of Energy
E-book: Forms of Energy
Video: Sources of Energy
Video: What is light?
resources