1. PAPER 3: Geographical Applications
SECTION A: Issue Evaluation 1

2. Increased consumption of water Housing growth Factory growth Leaks
Human causes:
Increased consumption of water
Housing growth
Factory growth
Leaks
Physical causes:
Lower rainfall
Rainshadow effect
Location bad: Low lying flat land so 20 metre wall has to be built to keep water in. NIMBY not like as ugly.
Location good: Clay is impermeable so good to store water as won’t leak out of reservoir.

3. Embankment highest NW side.
Steventon/ Drayton might not be happy.
5 villages could be effected
Railway to bring building materials in.
Drainage of local rivers from Oxford flows East towards London so could send extra water there!
London needs water most as driest and highest population.

4. Human causes:
Population increase (9 million and growing by 100,000 per year)
Increased consumption of water
Housing growth (3.4 million houses)
Climate change
Over abstraction from basin (55% taken out)
Physical causes:
737mm low rainfall
2/3 lost to evaporation (water bodies) and transpiration (plants)
Climate change – hotter and drier

5. Area size: 6km
Features flooded: (symbols)
woodland
Estate
Solar Farm
Farm
Depot
Road linking Steventon and East Hanney
Contours: flat as far apart
6 figure grid reference: along the corridor/ up the stairs/ each box split in 10

6. Shortage of 1 million litres a day – desperate need for the reservoir!
2011 – 2040 increase of 257 litres!

7. Summer – less constant rainfall/ higher temperature means higher demand. This is when water shortages likely to happen and reservoir water needed!

8. Positives of building a reservoir:
Recreation and wildlife!

12. Group Against Reservoir Development GARD
Campaign to Protect Rural Area CPRE
Local Residents
Water Conservationists
Thames Water
Benefits of the reservoir for them.
None
Landscaping of reservoir so area will look nice/ better than building more houses
Help solve growing risk of water shortages
Recreation areas/ no shortfall of 1 million litres a day/ help when domestic and non domestic going up
Social Problems of the reservoir for them
Visually intrusive 20 metre walls/ disruption when building/ increased flood risk/ not fair to locals when London benefitting most
Local communities effected
Increase in traffic when area already has congestion/ smaller water storage should be built for locals
Economic Problems of the reservoir for them
Lose valuable farmland
Environmental Problems of the reservoir for them
Increased flood risk/ habitats displaced (bats)
Habitats effected
Overall do they believe the reservoir should be built? No
Both
No – instead should use reduced leaks/ lower water use/ more desalination