1. Latin American Independence
Monday, December 31, 2018

2. Latin America

3. Social Classes Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos & slaves
Smallest percentage, highest political positions
Wealthy Spanish-born citizens
Creoles
Spaniards born in Latin America
Could not hold political office
Could join army
Mestizos
Mixture of European and Indian
Mulattos & slaves
Mixture of European and African 1 2 3 4

4. Haiti Western part of Hispaniola Inspired by the American Revolution
French Colony
Saint-Dominique (French)
Santo Domingo (Spanish)
Large slave population, they were treated brutally, and lived in poor conditions

5. Haiti

6. 1791
100,000 slaves revolted
Toussaint L’Ouverture soon became their leader
1801
He gained control of the island and freed all the enslaved Africans

7. 1802 1804 France sent troops to capture Toussaint
He was sent to a French prison where he died
French were unsuccessful in stopping the rebellion
1804
Haiti declared its independence from France
Only successful slave revolt in history

8. Creoles Educated in Europe & exposed to Enlightenment ideas
They led the majority of independence movements
Napoleon’s attempts to conquer nations and extend control over its colonies scared creoles

9. Nationalistic feelings made people desire self-rule
Creoles and lower classes began fighting for rights and equality
Enlightenment ideas such as Locke’s idea of consent of the governed along with nationalistic ideas justify rebellion against Spain

10. Mexico Movement led by mestizos at first
Father Miguel Hidalgo called for rebellion and a crowd marched toward Mexico City
They were defeated in 1811 by the upper classes who feared losing power

11. They tried again 4 years later and failed
In 1821,creoloes afraid of losing their power, declared their independence from Spain

12. 1823, nations of Central America declare their independence from Mexico
Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Costa Rica

13. South America Simon Bolivar – Creole general led the movement
Began in Venezuela then moved to Colombia and Ecuador
He met Jose de San Martin who had freed Chile
Together they liberated Peru
He dreamed of uniting the colonies into a single country
Gran Colombia lasted for a short time
The countries soon separated

14. Gran Colombia

15. South America