1. BLUETOOTH Personal Area Networking [ PAN ] over Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a standard for short range, low power,
low cost wireless communication that uses radio
technology.
originally envisioned as a cable-replacement
technology by Ericsson
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2. BLUETOOTH
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3. BLUETOOTH
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4. BLUETOOTH
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5. Bluetooth devices
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6. BLUETOOTH
Parameters Bluetooth Wire
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7. BLUETOOTH SPECS Frequency of Operation : ISM band [ 2400 – 2483.5 MHz]
Band has 79 channels of 1MHz bandwidth
Lower guard band: 2MHz
Upper guard band: 3.5MHz
Uses Frequency hopping concept for secure communication.
Hop rate : 1600/sec
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8. BLUETOOTH SPECS Modulation : GFSK [ Gaussian Freq. shift keying ]
Binary 1 = positive frequency deviation
0 = Negative frequency deviation
BER of minimum 0.1% is ensured
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9. BLUETOOTH SPECS Service Supported : Voice communication uses
SCO [ synchronous connection oriented ] link supports circuit switching
coding used : PCM and CSVD [ continuously variable slope delta modulation]
Data communication : Data Packets
ACL : Asynchronous Connection Less links
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10. BLUETOOTH SPECS
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11. BLUETOOTH SPECS
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12. BLUETOOTH SPECS
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13. Bluetooth frame
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14. Network topology
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15. BLUETOOTH
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16. BLUETOOTH
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17. BLUETOOTH
Baseband:
Establishes the links between devices based on the type of service – Voice/data
Takes care of addressing and managing the different states of the Bluetooth device
RF :
Provides the radio interface.
Link Manager Protocol (LMP):
It set up and control links
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18. BLUETOOTH – LMP functions
Authentication : Challenge-Response scheme
one device is called verifier.
The other is called claimant.
Encryption :
Clock offset request: Synchronization of clock
Timing accuracy information request :
To ensure synchronization, the master can request the slaves for timing accuracy information.
LMP version
Type of packets supported
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19. BLUETOOTH – LMP functions
Switching Master/Slave role
In a piconet, a device will act a s a Master and other devices will act as Slaves.
The Master and the Slave in a piconet can switch roles using the LMP messages.
Name request
User-friendly name having a maximum of 248 bits in ASCII
format.
Detach
Hold mode
To place ACL link in hold for a specified time when there is no
data to send. This feature is mainly to save power.
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20. BLUETOOTH – LMP functions
Park mode: To be in synchronization with the Master but not participate in data exchange
Power control: To request for transmitting less power. This is useful particularly for class I devices which are capable of transmitting 100 m W power.
Quality of Service (QoS) parameters exchange: In applications that require good quality transmission link, quality of service parameters can be specified. These parameters include number of repetitions for broadcast packets, delay and bandwidth allocation.
Request SCO link: To request for an SCO link after the ACL
link is established.
Multi-slot packet control: To control the procedure when data is sent in consecutive packets.
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21. BLUETOOTH – LMP functions
Link Supervision: To monitor link when device goes out of
range (through a time-out mechanism).
Connection establishment:
After paging is successfully completed, to establish the
connection.
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22. L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
It runs above the baseband and carries out the data link layer
functionality
L2CAP layer is only for ACL links.
L2CAP data packets can be up to 64 Kilobytes long.
L2CAP protocol runs on hosts such as laptop, cellular phone or other wireless devices.
When L2CAP messages are exchanged between two devices, it
assumes that an ACL link is already established between two
devices
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23. L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
Protocol multiplexing: As given in the protocol stack above
L2CAP, a number of other protocols can be running. A packet
received by L2CAP has to be passed onto the correct higher layer. This is protocol multiplexing.
Segmentation and reassembly: Baseband packets are limited in size. Large L2CAP packets are segmented into small baseband
packets and sent to the baseband layer. Similarly, the small packets received from the baseband layer are reassembled and sent to higher layers.
Quality of Service: Quality of Service(QoS) parameters such as delay can be specified, and this layer ensures that the QoS constraints are honored.
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24. L2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
L2CAP sends Connection request and QoS request messages
from the application programs through the higher layers.
Responses from the request will be :
1. Connection indication
2. connection confirmation
3. connect confirmation negative
4. connect confirmation pending
5. disconnection indication
6. disconnect confirmation
7. time out indication
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25. Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
SDP offers the following services:
A device can search for the service needed by it in the piconet.
A device can discover a service based on a class of services
Browsing of services.
Discovery of new services when devices enter in the radio range of other devices.
Mechanism to find out when a service becomes unavailable when the device goes out of radio range.
The details of services such as classes of services and the attributes of services.
To discover services on another device without consulting the third device.
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26. RFCOMM It is transport protocol to emulate RS232 over L2CAP.
Using this, two devices can communicate using RS protocol over Bluetooth
RFCOMM emulates 9 signals i.e.
TX, RX, RTS, CTS, DSR, DTR, RI, DCT, GND
RFCOMM is derived from the GSM specifications TS 7.1 for serial emulation.
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27. Telephony control Protocol TCS
Establishes voice communication between two Bluetooth devices.
TCS defines call control signaling for establishing speech and
data calls between Bluetooth devices and mobility management
procedure.
Protocol based on ITU ( International Telecommunications Union standard)
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