1. September 9th 2015
Objective: Begin learning about history of marine science and some of the first marine explorers.
Agenda:
Review Observation/Inference WS pg. 12
Begin History of marine science notes pg
Homework:
None

2. History of Exploration & Marine Science

3. Have humans seen much of the oceans?.

4. Voyages of Discovery Explorers and Navigators
The first vessels-3000 B.C.
Merchants 2000 B.C.
Fall of the Roman Empire

5. 5000 B.C to 800 C.E Egyptians- made the first sailboats
Phoenicians- made the first trade routes (Mediterranean)
Polynesians- made primitive maps and were the first to have long distance open ocean voyages.
Greeks- Major advancements in navigation
Pytheas- mapped out latitude using the North Star
Eratosthenes- calculated Earth’s circumference.

6. Sea exploration was only done by Vikings
800 C.E to 1400 C.E
Vikings- Improved sailboats
Bigger sails
Oarsmen if no wind
Flat-bottom boats (get closer to land)
Sea exploration was only done by Vikings
This lasted from about A.D. (the middle of the dark ages)

7. Major Viking discoveries
9th century: warming climate led to melting N. Atlantic ice, this allowed more Viking voyages through previously frozen area.
Discoveries:
Iceland (mild climate)
Greenland (frozen land)
North America (Newfoundland Canada) led by Leif Eriksson
Leif Eriksson day is Oct. 9th

8. Middle Ages = Dark Ages In Europe
Any thoughts on why they were called the dark ages?
Knowledge of geography and science entered an intellectual “darkness” there was also, poor communication and lack of education.

9. Meanwhile… In China…
During the European “Dark Ages” other parts of the world, were making intellectual progress.
In 1125 the magnetic compass was invented and being used by the Chinese sailors.

10. The End of the Dark Ages Bartholomeu Dias A Portuguese navigator
1487-Sailed around the tip of Africa, which he called: "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). Later named the Cape of Good Hope

11. Christopher Columbus
1492 went to sea to find a new route to India for trade, he headed west and crossed the Atlantic and landed in the Bahamas
Later he reached South and Central America