1. Nutrition Chapter 6
Kinesiology 2115

2. Why Worry About Nutrition?

3. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

4. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

5. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

6. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” woman)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% ≥20
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

7. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% ≥25%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

8. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% ≥25%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

9. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

10. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC

11. An increase in obesity
means an increase in
Type 2 Diabetes

12. Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the United States,
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1990

13. Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the United States,
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1995

14. Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the United States,
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001

15. Nutrition Basics Essential nutrients: must be taken in for good health
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Calorie: unit of energy measure; amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 oC
Nutrient dense: has a lot of vitamins and minerals with low caloric value

16. Carbohydrates Preferred energy source
Provide 4 calories per gram (10 g of CHO= 40 calories)
Foods high in carbs also high in vitamins and minerals, fiber
Complex carbs
Longer chains of sugars (starches)
Nutrient dense foods
Simple carbs
Simple sugars, anything that ends in –ose
Very little additional nutrients
Non-nutrient dense foods/drinks

18. Proteins Provide 4 calories per gram
Major building blocks for all parts of body
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
Essential
9 that must be taken in from your diet because your body does not produce them
Nonessential
11 that are produced by the body
Complete Protein
Contains all 9 essential amino acids; found in animals
Incomplete Protein
Contains some of EAA, but not all; found in plants

19. animal sources for protein
Most Americans rely on
animal sources for protein
Good plant sources are
legumes
grains
nuts and seeds
vegetables

20. Fats Provides 9 calories per gram
Needs for transportation and storage of certain vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E & K are fat-soluble
Important for regulation of some body functions
Form cell membranes and hormones
Add flavor to foods
“Fill” you up

21. Vitamins Organic compounds needed in small amounts
No energy = No calories
Help convert food into energy
Fat-soluble
Dissolved/stored in fat
A, D, E, K
Can reach toxic levels if supplements (megadoses) are taken
Water-soluble
Dissolve in water, removed daily
B-Complex, C
Must be consumed on a daily basis

22. Minerals Inorganic compounds needed in small amounts
Provide structure and regulation of body processes
Muscle contraction
Blood clotting
Protein synthesis
Component of enzymes

23. Minerals (cont.) Major minerals needed Iron Calcium
Used to make hemoglobin, part of red blood cells
Allows attachment of oxygen for transport
Anemia – develops when insufficient iron is present
Calcium
Used for bone formation
Leads to osteoporosis

24. Water 70-80% of body is made of water
Combines with other substances to dissolve them and transport throughout the body
Avg person excretes 2 ½ L of water per day
Recommended : oz glasses of water per day

25. Fiber Fiber is the indigestible part of plants Not a nutrient
Needed to retain water in intestinal tract and move waste products through more quickly
Reduces risk of diverticulosis, constipation and hemorrhoids as well as colon cancer
25 g/day for women
38 g/day for men