1. 7 14.007 Nitrogen N 5 6 10.811 Boron B 1 1.0079 Hydrogen H 20 40.08
# of protons in the atom
# of Electrons in the atom
# of neutrons in the atom
Atomic mass of the atom
Atomic # of
the atom
Element
name
Chemical
symbol 7
14.007
Nitrogen N 5 6
10.811
Boron B 1
1.0079
Hydrogen H 20
40.08
Calcium Ca 30 35
65.39
Zinc Zn 13 14 27
Aluminum Al 9 10 19
Fluorine F 23 28 51
Vanadium V 17 18
Chlorine Cl 3 4
6.941
Lithium Li 79
118
196.97
Gold Au 11 12
Sodium Na 33 42
74.922
Arsenic As 50 69
118.71
Tin Sn
39.098
Potassium K

2. Solids, Liquids and Gases
The Particle Theory
Solids, Liquids and Gases

3. All materials exist as a Solid, Liquid or Gas
All materials are made up of very very small particles held together by forces!

4. Solids
In a Solid, the particles are held very close together so they can hardly move
Solids do not flow like liquids. They generally stay in one place!
Solids keep their shape.
Solids always take up the same amount of space. They do not spread out like gases.

5. Liquids
In a liquid, the particles are not so tightly packed, so they can move a little.
Liquid flows easily
Liquids change their shape
They take the shape of the container they are in
Liquids always take up the same amount of space. When liquids change shape, their volume stays the same

6. Gases In a gas, the particles are spread apart and can move easily
Gases spread out freely
Gases change their shape
Gases can be squashed

7. Particle Theory All matter is made up of very small particles
All particles in a pure substance are the same. Different substances are made of different particles
There is space between particles
The particles are always moving. As the particles gain energy, they move faster
The particles in a substance are attracted to one another. The strength of the attractive force depends on the type of particle.

8. Elements, Compounds and Molecules

9. Elements and Compounds
Some substances are made up of only 1 element.
Lead (Pb), Gold (Au)
Neon (Ne), Silver (Ag)
Anything on the periodic table in pure form.

10. Of the approximately 10 million known pure substances only about 112 are elements. The rest are compounds.
Salt (NaCl), Water (H2O)
Sugar (C6H12O6)
Caffeine

11. Elements and Compounds
The simplest form of a substance.
The smallest particle of an element is an atom.
Compound:
The simplest form of a material that is made up of 2 or more elements.
The smallest particle of a compound is a molecule.

12. Which are NOT Compounds?
Ice
Water
Gold
Salt
Sugar
Argon
Hairspray
Soap
Windex
Steel
Toothpaste
Bleach
Potassium
Gasoline
Ink
Coffee
People
Air
Shampoo
Grape Juice

13. Compounds
Elements will combine to form compounds through chemical reactions.
The process involves the loss/gain of electrons, or the sharing of electrons.

14. Examples Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form compounds:
Na + Cl  NaCl (Salt)
Na loses 1 electron
Cl gains 1 electron
Let’s draw it!
Atoms can share electrons to form compounds:
H + O  H2O (Water)
H and O will share electrons.

15. What is a Chemical Formula?
The number and kind of atoms that make up a molecule of material.
For example:
Water's chemical formula = H2O
Water consists of 2 atoms of hydrogen (H2) and one atom of oxygen (O).

17. How to Count Atoms E.g. 3AlCl3
The coefficient tells us how many molecules we have.
Here we have three molecules of AlCl3
The subscript tells us how many of each atom we have.
Each molecule has 1 Al and 3 Cl
We have to multiply that by the coefficient to get the total # of atoms.
1x3 = 3 Al 3x3 = 9 Cl