1. Introdução à Medicina Work done by: Class 5 Guiding Professor:
Valente AL
Peixoto A
Torres B
Costa BA
Ferreira BF
Mesquita BF
Santos BM
Santos CF
Alves CM
Oliveira CM
Costa CM
Guerreiro C
Ponte C
Silva DJ
Guiding Professor:
Dra. Cristina Santos
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2. Research Work Third Presentation – April 24, 2006
Medical students’ attitudes and reported behaviour on academic misconduct
Research Work
Third Presentation – April 24, 2006
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3. Introduction
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4. Honesty Integrity Professionalism www.impensadejacutinga.com
lists.w3.org
Professionalism
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5. Other Works And what about Porto’s students??
At Dundee University Medical School an anonymous questionnaire revealed that medical students could tell right from wrong, but also that their behaviour was not what they considered right (S C Rennie and J R Crosby; Differences in medical students’ attitudes behaviour across the years; 2002).
The observation of american medical students by Sierles F et al reported that 58% of the students had copied during exams (Sierles F, Hendrickx I, Circle S; Cheating at medical school; J Med Educ 1980 ;55: ).
And what about Porto’s students??
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6. Objectives
Analyse the attitudes and reported behaviour of medical students of “Universidade do Porto”,
“Tomorrow’s Doctors”
Analyse the attitudes and reported behaviour of Porto’s nursing students in comparison with medical students’.
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7. PARTICIPANTS
&
METHODS
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8. Sampling Target population: Samples:
Porto's medical and nursing students.
Samples:
49 / 256 1st yr students
34 / 206 3rd yr students
22 / 185 6th yr students
FMUP
105 Students
(out of 1316)
Medicine
33 / 154 1st yr students
40 / 150 3rd yr students
20 / 115 6th yr students
ICBAS
93 Students
(out of 850)
39 1st yr students
40 3rd yr students
24 4th yr students
105 Students
(out of ?)
Nursing
ESEnfSJ
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9. Sampling
The size of the sample (n) was calculated according to the formula:
The amplitude of our work is 20% and the proportion (P) is 50%
“n” is equal to 100
The confidence interval is 95%
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10. Sampling Random group sample Classes were randomly chosen (SPSS)
The units we inquired were classes
Classes were randomly chosen (SPSS)
1st Year
3th Year
“Seniors”
FMUP
Class 4; 10; 17; 19
Class 8; 12; 15
Class 9; 16
ICBAS
Class 5; 9; 15
Class 8; 13
Class 2; 10
ESEnfSJ
Class c; d; f; j
Class c; e
Class a; d
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11. Data Gathering Instruments
Our questionnaire is a translation and adaptation of one made by students and professors from Dundee University Medical School (Rennie SC, Crosby JR; Are ´´ tomorrow doctors`` honest? Questionnaire study exploring medical students´ attitudes and reported behaviour on academic misconduct).
The survey was made in the three faculties, to randomly chosen classes.
FMUP - From the 6th to the 10th of February 2006
ICBAS and ESEnf S.J. – From the 7th to the 20th of February
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12. Data Gathering Instruments
Information will be collected using two questionnaires:
for Boys
for Girls
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13. Questionnaire (Model)
The Dundee University Medical School questionnaire is composed of 14 different situations. Each student should answer: yes, no or not sure.
In order to adapt the questionnaire to the target population, it was translated. New situations were added and some questions were reformulated.
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14. Gantt Chart
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15. Flow chart
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16. Pre-Test
Lowering the probability of occurring systematic and random errors.
Took part in the pre-test:
FMUP: students
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17. New situations about drinking and going out at night were added.
Changes:
Situations and questions were reformulated (eg.: situation 19 and question III)
New situations about drinking and going out at night were added.
It was not asked what kind of punishment should be used in each situation.
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18. Questionnaires (definitive)
Joana’s questionnaire (girls’)
João’s questionnaire (boys’)
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19. “How honest were you answering the . questionnaire?”
To try to measure the honesty of the students who answered the questionnaire, one last question was added:
“How honest were you answering the questionnaire?”
Possible answerers varied from 0 to 10
(0=Totally dishonest ; 10=Totally honest)
This idea only appeared later during the project, so only the last few students answered this question
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20. Web page’s plan
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21. Data Processing Methods
Collected data was inserted in SPSS
A table was formatted to this specific task
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22. Frequency tables Chi-Square Statistical Analysis: Syntax
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23. Results
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24. Analysis Project Plagiarism Cheating Going out at night
Situation 3/4/9
Situation 1/2/5/6/7/8
Going out at night
Skipping lessons
Situation 10/11
Next morning tiredness
Alcohol related issues
Situation 12/19
Situation 13/14
Professional integrity
Situation 15/16/17/18
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25. Dundee students report more honesty when it comes to cheating
Most students disagree with cheating, but many would still do it
Dundee students report more honesty when it comes to cheating
Dundee students report more honesty when it comes to copying another student’s work
Dundee results:
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26. Only half of the students who disagree with cheating would in fact not do it
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27. Cheating: Differences between Faculties
Data Table
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28. Cheating: Differences between Gender
Data Table
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29. Cheating: Differences between Year
Data Table
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30. Plagiarism Dundee results:
Most students would not engage in such behaviour
Dundee students are more eager to practise plagiarism
Dundee results:
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31. Plagiarism: Differences between Faculties
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32. Plagiarism: Differences between gender
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33. Plagiarism: Differences between Year
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34. Skipping lessons Students agree with skipping theoretical lessons
The opposite happens when it is asked about obligatory presence lessons
Skipping theoretical lessons is common practice among students
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35. Skipping lessons : Differences between Faculties
Data Table
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36. Skipping lessons : Differences between Gender
Data Table
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37. Skipping lessons : Differences between Years
Data Table
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38. Going out at night
For most students it is OK to go out at night with lessons the following morning
Nonetheless, they would not drink too much
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39. Going out at night: Differences between Faculties
Data Table
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40. Going out at night: Differences between Gender
Data Table
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41. Professional Integrity
Students would not engage in misconducts
Dundee students do not seem to praise professional integrity as much as Porto’s
Dundee results:
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42. Professional integrity: Differences between Years
Data Table
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43. The honesty of Students’ answers
Scale from 0 (totally dishonest) to 10 (totally honest)
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44. Main conclusions
If given the chance, Porto’s heath students will copy.
Students’ behaviour is not praiseworthy when it comes to conciliate lessons with going out at night, in detriment of lessons.
Male students seem to be slightly more dishonest.
When it comes to professional integrity, there is no reason to worry about the “Doctors of tomorrow”.
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45. Acknowledgments Professor Doutor Altamiro da Costa Pereira
Dra. Cristina Santos
Serviço de Bioestatística e Informática Médica
FMUP
ICBAS
ESEnfSJ
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