1. Location India 2008 New Delhi, India February 6-8, 2008
U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program, Policy and International Cooperation
Location India 2008
New Delhi, India
February 6-8, 2008
Robert Ford, Senior Advisor
Office of Space and Advanced Technology
Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science
U.S. State Department

2. Introduction
Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical component of the global information infrastructure
Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities
Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental, public security, and science
Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT)
Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance
Augmentations improve performance even further

3. Overview
Current GPS Program and Augmentations
Modernization Plans
National Space-Based PNT Policy
International Cooperation
Summary

4. Current Constellation
30 Operational Satellites
(Baseline Constellation: 24)
13 Block IIA satellites operational
12 Block IIR satellites operational
Modernizing 5 remaining Block IIR satellites
5 Block IIR-M satellites operational
Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch needs
Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993

5. International Augmentations
Differential GPS Networks
Space-Based Augmentation Systems
International GNSS Service
Global Differential GPS System

6. GPS constellation – Delivering excellent performance
Standard
Performance Improving

7. GPS Modernization System-wide improvements in: Backward compatibility
Accuracy
Availability
Integrity
Reliability
Backward compatibility
Robustness against interference
Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use
Interoperability with other GNSS constellations

8. GPS III Satellites & Civil Signals
Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate increasing power requirements
Development approach to reduce risk, increase flexibility
Separate contracts for space and ground segments
Acquisition processes for control segment /satellite are underway
OCX Request for Proposal Released; contract awarded on Nov 23 07
GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released
Civil benefits
Provides operational capability for second (L2C) and third (L5) civil signals
In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites
Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo
Significant increase in system accuracy
Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

9. United States Policy History
1983: President Reagan offers free civilian access to GPS
1996: President Clinton issues first U.S. GPS policy
Designates GPS a dual-use system under joint civil/military management
1997: Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to be provided free of direct user fees
2004: President Bush issues U.S. policy on space-based PNT

10. 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy
Updated policy retains 1996 principles
Recognizes the changing international scene
Other nations implementing space-based systems that provide PNT services
National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee
Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation
Membership includes: State, Commerce, Homeland Security, Interior, Joint Chief of Staffs, and NASA
Established National Coordination Office (NCO) with staff from each member agency

11. National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure
WHITE HOUSE
WHITE HOUSE
Defense
Transportation
State
Commerce
Homeland Security
Interior
Joint Chiefs of Staff
NASA
Defense
Transportation
NATIONAL SPACE-BASED PNT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation
NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT
Executive Steering Group
Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation
State
ADVISORY BOARD
Sponsor: NASA
ADVISORY BOARD
Sponsor: NASA
Commerce
Homeland Security
Joint Chiefs of Staff
NATIONAL
COORDINATION OFFICE
Host: Commerce
NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE
Host: Commerce
NASA

12. U.S. Department & Agency Activities
PNT Executive Committee meets regularly
International Coordination and Cooperation – State
Accelerating bilateral and multilateral activities
Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan – DHS
DOD and DOT PNT Architecture for 2025
DOD Selective Availability (SA)
SA feature was used in the past to intentionally degrade civilian GPS service; implemented in 1995 but not used outside tests/exercises, discontinued in May 2000
GPS III satellites will NOT include SAT capability
Decision announced at 36th ICAO Assembly Sep. 2007

13. National Coordination Office (NCO)
Facilitates information sharing, coordination, and issue resolution regarding space-based PNT across all Departments
Facilitates coordination among Agencies re: plans to modernize U.S. space-based PNT infrastructure
Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies, analyses, and projects that have broad U.S. Government participation
Represents Executive Committee in discussion with state and local entities, foreign governments, and international organizations

14. Advisory Board
Conducts assessments & makes recommendations to the ExCom in support of national policy goals and objectives related to space-based PNT
Focuses on leadership, strategic engagement and communication, and future challenges
Twenty-four members; 6 international members; meets twice a year since March 2007

15. U.S. National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Policy – Objectives
Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis .
Improve capabilities to prevent hostile use of space-based PNT services to protect the mutual security concerns of the U.S. and its allies.
Improve performance of civil GPS and augmentations to meet or exceed that of international systems.
Maintain GPS as a component of multiple sectors of U.S critical infrastructure.
Encourage international development of PNT systems based on GPS - seek to ensure international systems are interoperable, or at a minimum, compatible with civil GPS and its augmentations.

16. Bilateral GPS Cooperation
U.S.-EU: GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement of 2004
Established four Work Groups
July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC)
U.S.-India: Expanded cooperation since 2004 under Next Steps in Strategic Partnership and new Joint Working Group on Civil Space Cooperation
Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation adopted at second Joint Working Group meeting, February 2007, text available at
Several meetings held between U.S. and Indian experts on compatibility, interoperability and spectrum coordination, including technical meetings last week in Bangalore
Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions

17. Bilateral GPS Cooperation (C0nt’d)
U.S.-Russia: Negotiating GPS-GLONASS Cooperation Agreement since 2005
Discussing greater interoperability of civil GPS-GLONASS signals
Russia WG-1 chair prop0sed adopting two new civil CDMA signals at L1, L5, interoperable with GPS
U.S.-Japan: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since 1996
- QZSS design to be compatible, interoperable with GPS
- Working to establish QZSS monitoring stations in Hawaii/Guam

18. Other International Activities
U.S. held GPS bilateral consultations with Australia, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, South Africa, and others
Continuing interest in GPS-related issues that arise in multilateral organizations (ITU, ICAO, IMO, NATO, etc)
Influenced APEC/GNSS Implementation Team to broaden GNSS applications in all modes of transportation and beyond
International Committee on GNSS (ICG) will help us broaden the dialogue among users and developers

19. International Committee on GNSS (ICG)
Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999
Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particular in developing countries
Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems
Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia, China Japan, India) and international user groups to address common issues, e.g. reference frame, orbital debris

20. ICG (Continued) Exchange Views on ICG Work Plan by Work Groups
A. Interoperability and compatibility
B. Enhancement of Performance of GNSS Services
C. Information dissemination, education, outreach & coordination
D. Interaction with monitoring and reference station network orgs.
First Providers Forum and ICG-2 held in India September 2007
Providers agreed on interoperability and compatibility terms including spectral separation between each system’s authorized service signals and other system’s signals
China requested to be recognized as a GNSS Provider
U.S. to host ICG-3 in Pasadena, Cal. December 8-12, 2008
As new space-based GNSS emerges globally, interoperability is the key to “success for all”

21. Summary GPS performance is getting better and continuing to improve
Augmentations enable high performance today
Second new GPS signal now available
No Selective Availability features in GPS III
U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide stability and transparency for users and industry
Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations
U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and augmentations is stronger and more active
Many policy implementation actions in progress
International cooperation is a U.S. top priority

22. Contact Information
Robert J. Ford
Senior Advisor
U.S. State Department
OES/SAT, SA-23 Suite 410
Washington, D.C
Ph: (202)
Fax: (202)

23. Web-based Information
PNT.gov established to disseminate information on the U.S. National Executive Committee
Information on the U.S. National Policy, Exec Committee membership, the Advisory Board, and frequently asked questions
Recent public presentations to include this presentation
GPS.gov established to disseminate information on GPS applications
Brochure on GPS applications also available in hardcopy upon request
Contains additional links to various other websites