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The Definition of Tragedy

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1 The Definition of Tragedy
Aristostle: Poetics The Definition of Tragedy

2 Brief Bio Contemporary of Socrates and Plato
Writings are first full comprehensive theories on Western Philosophy Founder of Formal Logic and Zoology First literary/dramatic theorist

3 Poetics Written ~335 BC The first book on literary theory
Aristotle denotes the three genre’s of Poetry (a term he coined): Comedy, the Epic, and the book’s centerpiece, Tragedy Cited “Oedipus Rex” as the perfect tragedy

4 The Definition of Tragedy
“Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish its katharsis of such emotions Every Tragedy, therefore, must have six parts, which parts determine its quality—namely, Plot, Characters, Diction, Thought, Spectacle, Melody.”

5 The Six Elements of Tragedy
Plot Characters Thought (Importance) Diction Song/Melody Spectacle

6 Plot(Mythos) Must be whole Must have “unity of action”
Must “be of a certain magnitude (qualitative/quantitative) Complexity is best “Reversal of Intention” (Pathos) (Peripeteia)  “Recognition/Epiphany” (Anagnorisis)  “Change of Fortune (Catastrophe)  Katharsis (Catharsis)

7

8 Character (Ethos) Character should support plot
Be renowned and prosperous Change enlisted through an error or frailty in character (flaw = hamartia) Will have following traits: “Good or fine” (class) “Fitness of character” (true to type) “True to life” (realistic) “Consistency” (true to themselves) “Necessary and Probable” “True to life” (idealized, ennobled)

9 Thought/Importance (Dianoia)
Primarily in a characters speeches Themes “Where something is proved to be or not to be, or a general maxim is enunciated.”

10 Diction (Lexis) The quality of speech and the “expression of the meaning of words (word choice) “But the greatest thing by far is to have a command of metaphor; it is the mark of genius, for to make good metaphors implies an eye for resemblances”

11 Song/Melody (Melos) Musical element of the chorus
Argues that the Odes should not be mere interludes but contribute to the unity of the plot

12 Spectacle (Opsis) Refers to the visual apparatus of the play
Argues that the written word/actions should supersede any “effects” the stage can produce

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