1. 3.3 commercialisation of physical activity and sport
Ethical and socio-cultural issues in physical
activity and sport
3.3.1
The different types of sporting behaviour: sportsmanship, gamesmanship, and the reasons for, and consequences of, deviance at elite level
3.3.2
Interpretation and analysis of graphical representation of data associated with trends in ethical and socio-cultural issues in physical activity and sport

2. Key Words
Sportsmanship – qualities of fairness, following the rules, being gracious in defeat or victory.
Gamesmanship – bending the rules/laws of a sport without actually breaking them.
Sledging – a term used in cricket when players try to gain an advantage by insulting the opposition
Deviancy – doing something against the norms or values of society.

3. Action
Sportsmanship
Gamesmanship
Against the rules
Shaking hands and congratulating an opponent at the end of a tennis match even though you lost.
Sledging in Cricket
Diving in football
Kicking the ball out of play if an opponent is injured
Clapping an opponent in volleyball when they have made an error
Helping an opponent off the floor when they have made an error

4. Why would National Governing Bodies (NGBs) try to encourage fair play and sportsmanship in their players?
task

5. NGB’s try to encourage fair play and sportsmanship in their players to…
Encourage players to behave in an appropriate manner on the field of play
Provide good role models for grassroots players so they are more likely to copy good behaviour
Put the sport in a good light
Make the game more exciting as there are less stoppages
Give a more accurate result - the best team wins
Make the game safer
Help maintain players health (side effects of drugs)

6. Think about to the individual and society
Can you think of any problems/deviant behaviour which may arise in sport?
Think about to the individual and society
TASK

7. Deviance
Violence
Use of performance enhancing drugs
Match fixing
Racism
Sexism

8. Gamesmanship and Rule Breaking task
‘You can not be Serious’
Research a specific example of gamesmanship or rule breaking in a sport of your choice.
What was the deviant behaviour?
Why did the sports performer carry out this behaviour?
What the consequences were of their actions?
Gamesmanship and Rule Breaking task

9. Reasons for, and consequences of deviance at an elite level.
The external rewards on offer
Fame and stardom
Large sponsorship deals
Place in higher team to increase wages
If a player feels like a commodity rather than part of the team
If a player feels under pressure to perform and feels unable to do so
The player is under pressure to cheat as requested by their coach
They believe they wont get caught
They believe others are cheating so why shouldn’t they.

10. What other sanctions may be given to a player?
Discuss in small groups and report back to the group your ideas of how NGBs use punishment to try and prevent deviant behaviour of players.
What other sanctions may be given to a player?
task

11. Practice Questions
Which of the following is an example of sportsmanship?
Kicking the ball out of the field of play to delay the throw in so your team have chance to get back in position
Deliberately committing a foul so that the game stops to allow for a substitution
Letting the referee know that you were the last person to touch the ball before it went out of bounds
Clapping your opponent when they make a mistake.
Give an example of gamesmanship in sport.
Explain why National Governing Bodies such as the FA have fair play awards.
Explain a possible consequence for an elite performer if caught taking performance enhancing drugs.
Assess whether sportsmanship has a role in today’s sport and physical activity.

12. Data Analysis
Draw a graph or chart to show the number of doping cases by sport.
What factors do you think contribute to a sports person who is competing in the Olympics deciding to take performance enhancing drugs.

13. Data Analysis - 2
Draw a graph comparing the number of drug cases vs the number of drug cases reported.
Using the data provided - evaluate whether drugs testing is an effective way to reduce cheating in sport.