1. Searching for High Energy Muonic Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts Using AMANDA
Title
A.J. Carver
University of Wisconsin – Madison
Advisors: Prof. Bob Morse & Mike Stamatikos
August 7, 2003

2. Neutrinos - A New Window On Astronomy
The 21st Century will feature Neutrino Astronomy with AMANDA/IceCube!

3. We hope to make this discovery
Discovering High Energy Muonic Neutrinos from GRBs would be VERY SIGNIFICANT
Confirm hadron acceleration in the relativistic GRB wind
Validate the FIREBALL MODEL phenomenology
Provide an acceleration mechanism for the highest energy cosmic rays
We hope to make this discovery
Significance

4. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – The Past 30 yrs
Discovered in 1969 by Vela nuclear test detection satellites (Klebesadal, et al., 1973)
Bursts of Gamma-Rays NOT from Sun or Earth
Little more learned because of little observational data
GRB Discovery

5. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Questions
GRB Questions
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Questions
BATSE - Burst And Transient Source Experiment
Where on the sky do GRBs occur?
Are all GRBs the same?
How far away are GRBs?
What causes GRBs?
More observations needed

6. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Q&A
Where on the sky do GRBs occur?
Isotropic
Everywhere – GRBs Isotropically distributed

7. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Q&A
Are all GRBs the same?
Unique
NO! Absolutely not.

8. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Q&A
How far away are GRBs?
GRBs are at cosmological distances
Cosmological

9. GRBs & Neutrinos – The Connection
GRB&v Connection
Coincident Search – Neutrinos Coincident with Photons

10. Neutrino Detection AMANDA – Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array
Neutrino Telescope
Located at South Pole
Uses PMTs to detect Cherenkov radiation created by fast moving particles
We are interested in up-going events
AMANDA

11. Past Analysis
Past
Searched for neutrinos from GRBs detected by BATSE between 1997 and 2000 data
Used generic neutrino spectrum

12. Past Analysis Produced a framework and tools for future GRB analyses
Detector stability & data integrity
Background minimization (cuts)
Blinded (10) minute window
- (5) minutes
+ (5) minutes
( = 110) Minute background used to set cuts and check for data quality & stability
- (60) minutes
+ (60) minutes
NO GRB neutrinos coincidence detected – results in 2003 International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) proceedings

13. Present Analysis
Present
Models the neutrino spectrum on a per burst basis (based on Guetta et al astro-ph )
Determines per burst neutrino event rates
Extends analysis to 2003
Creating user-friendly and flexible infrastructure

14. GRB Catalog Comparisons
BATSE
Kommers et al.
Stern et al.
GUSBAD
Duration of Search (TJD) ~
8600– 10800
Energy Range (KeV)
50-300
7 combos of energy analyzed
Sigma above background for trigger
σ1>=5.5
σ2>=5.5
σ1>=σ2>=2.5 & σ1+σ2>8
σ1>=4 σ2>=2.5
σ1>5
σ2>5
Data Used
4 Energy Channels over three time resolutions
DISCLA
Time Resolution
(msec)
64, 256, 1024
1024
Catalog Comparison 1
The Stern catalog overlaps ~96% of Kommers and ~94% of Schmidt (GUSBAD) catalogs.

15. T90 Distribution

16. Sky Plot
96 BATSE (triggered) bursts and 9 Stern (non-triggered) bursts passed the selection criteria

17. Dec Distribution

18. Discovery of Errors in current BATSE Catalog
BATSE trigger 7644 – solar flare, NOT A GRB
BATSE triggers 2463 and 2464 – SGRs, NOT GRBs
8 more triggers will be reclassified for the upcoming 5B catalog
Many order problems in 4B & Current Cmax/Cmin Catalog
Being corrected by BATSE team
Demonstration of thoroughness
BATSE Errors

19. IPN3 Group of satellites capable on Gamma ray detection
K. Hurley,
IPN3
Group of satellites capable on Gamma ray detection
Bridge between BATSE & Swift
24 member instruments as of 5/22/03
Major endeavor
16 eliminated
3 still under investigation
5 accepted
Comparisons have begun

20. ICECUBE – Kilometer cubed neutrino telescope
Future Analysis
Methods developed now will allow for speedier analysis of future data
A dedicated GRB satellite ~200 bursts/yr
Future
ICECUBE – Kilometer cubed neutrino telescope

21. Conclusions Neutrino Astronomy – New Window on the Universe
Neutrino Production - Consequence of Fireball Phenomenology of GRBs
GRB Neutrino Coincidence – Significant Discovery
Comprehensive Comparisons - BATSE & 3 non-triggered catalogs
Generating IPN3 catalog – Welcomed by GRB community
Analysis Evolution
EXCITING FUTURE

22. My apologies if I overlooked someone in preparing this slide
Thank You
Mike Stamatikos, Bob Morse, Rellen Hardtke, Francis Halzen, Cary Forest, Paolo Desiati, Kath Rawlins, Brennan Hughey, Jodi Cooley, Bill Santner, Anupam Singh, Newt Ganugapati, Gary Hill, Albrecht Karle, Annie Malkus, more “AMANDROIDS” (Chris, Jessica, Dave, Kael), Bob Benjamin, Greg Madsen, Ron Reynolds, Aaron Steffen, Ken Nordsieck, Tony Weitenbeck, the REU students: Eric, Stephanie, Kiwi, Jeremy, Amanda, Karl, Tommy, Sam, Luis, Kimb, Quennie, Kelen, Luisa, and Marleen
Thank You
Without each of your influences, assistance, confidence, guidance, patience, empathy, support, and humor this research and my summer would not have been nearly as great. I am deeply grateful. Thank you!
My apologies if I overlooked someone in preparing this slide

23. A.J. Carver - acarver@wisc.edu
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