1. Making Peace
Chapter 11.4

2. Costs of War Physical (people) Cost:
Millions of Soldiers lost their lives
1919 there was a deadly pandemic known as the Spanish Flu. It killed approx. 20 million people globally in a matter of a few months.

3. Costs of war Financial Cost:
Cities, towns, roads, farms across Europe were destroyed and now had to be rebuilt.
Allies blamed conflict on defeated Central Powers and force them to pay heavy reparations for the war.

4. Costs of war Political Turmoil:
Gov’t in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire Collapse
Radicals push for extreme change
Colonial troops returned home and renewed hopes for independence.

5. Paris Peace Conference
Conflicting Goals:
USA (Wilson) urged for “peace without victory.”
Based on the Fourteen Points.
British and French wanted to weaken Germany so it could not threaten them again.

6. Paris Peace Conference
Problems with Peace:
Italy requested that lands secretly promised be given
Some ethnic groups become unwanted minorities in newly created nations
Creating League of Nations for security

7. Treaty of Versailles
June 1919 Allies ordered Germany to sign the Treaty
Germany had to accept full blame for war
Had to pay heavy reparations-30 billion (over 2.7 trillion today).

8. Treaty of Versailles Limited size of military Stripped of lands
Alsace and Lorraine
Colonies overseas
Some lands in East Germany
The treaty poisoned international relations and made it ripe for WWII.

9. Outcome of Peace Settlements
Self-determination:
Other Central Power nations had to sign treaties too, left many unhappy
Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia got independence
Yugoslavia, Austria, and Hungary were new republics that emerged

10. Outcome of Peace Settlements
Mandate System:
African, Asian, and the Pacific coloines hoped for an end to imperialism, but were wrong
Mandates were put in place to run colonies belonging to defeated nations, and were to last until nation could support itself (last longer).

11. Outcome of Peace Settlements
League of Nations:
40 nations joined.
Agreed to negotiate instead of fight
US Senate fell short of needed votes to ratify.
US not joining severely weakened it.