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Cells Unit 2
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Putting Things in Perspective
The Scale of Things
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Cell:
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Cell: Basic unit of life
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Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory:
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Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory: All living things are made of cells
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Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory: All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
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Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory: All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things New cells come from existing cells
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Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote:
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Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures
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Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example:
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Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria
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Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote:
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Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures
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Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures Example:
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Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures Example: Plants, animals, fungus
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Parts of the Cell Organelles:
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Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”
Parts of the Cell Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”
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Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Cytoplasm:
Parts of the Cell Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Cytoplasm:
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Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”
Parts of the Cell Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Cytoplasm: fluid in all cells
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Parts of a Cell: Nucleus
Membrane with pores (nuclear envelope) Usually circular or spherical in shape Contains genetic material and nucleolus
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Parts of a Cell: Nucleus
Function Controls the functions of the cell by providing directions for what the cell is supposed to do Site of DNA replication and transcription Found only in eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells
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Parts of a Cell: Cytoskeleton
Made of microtubules and filaments found throughout the cytoplasm
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Parts of a Cell: Cytoskeleton
Function Provides an internal framework for the cell, giving it shape Helps with movement Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells
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Parts of a Cell: Cell Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell Contains proteins and cholesterol molecules spread throughout
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Parts of a Cell: Cell Membrane
Function Regulates what enters and leaves the cell Provides protection and support Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells
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Parts of a Cell: Cell Wall
Lies outside the cell membrane Made from fibers and carbohydrates and proteins; mostly cellulose
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Parts of a Cell: Cell Wall
Function Provides support and protection Found only in eukaryotic cells Found in only plant cells
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Parts of a Cell: Ribosomes
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm
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Parts of a Cell: Ribosomes
Function Site of protein synthesis Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells
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Parts of a Cell: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Internal system of membranes Smooth ER: No ribosomes Far from nucleus Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes Adjacent to nucleus
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Parts of a Cell: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function Site of lipid, carbohydrate and protein synthesis Intracellular transport Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells
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Parts of a Cell: Golgi Apparatus
Stack of closely packed membranes Found close to the smooth ER
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Parts of a Cell: Golgi Apparatus
Function Modify, sort and package proteins and other materials for storage inside the cell or secretion outside of the cell Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells
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Parts of a Cell: Vesicle
Membrane bound sacs made from cell membrane or Golgi membrane containing proteins or other materials
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Parts of a Cell: Vesicles
Function Protects contents for transport throughout the cell Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells
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Parts of a Cell: Lysosome
Membrane bound sacs containing enzymes
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Parts of a Cell: Lysosome
Function Break down or digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins Garbage disposal Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells
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Parts of a Cell: Vacuole
Large membrane bound sac
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Parts of a Cell: Vacuole
Function Storage area for water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in only plant cells
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Parts of a Cell: Chloroplasts
Membrane bound sac Contain large stacks of other membranes inside that contain chlorophyll
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Parts of a Cell: Chloroplasts
Function Site of photosynthesis Convert light energy (sunlight) into chemical energy (sugars) Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in only plant cells
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Parts of a Cell: Mitochondria
Enclosed by 2 membranes Inner membrane is folded up inside the organelle Contains their own DNA
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Parts of a Cell: Mitochondria
Function Site of cellular respiration Convert chemical energy (sugars) into ATP Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both animal and plant cells
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Short, hair-like projections coming out of the cell membrane
Parts of a Cell: Cilia Short, hair-like projections coming out of the cell membrane
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Assist in cell movement
Parts of a Cell: Cilia Function Assist in cell movement Increase surface area to help with the process of diffusion Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both animal and plant cells
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Parts of a Cell: Flagella
Long, tail-like projections that come out of the cell membrane
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Parts of a Cell: Flagella
Function Assist in cell movement Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both animal and plant cells, mainly animal cells
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Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
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Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Cell Wall
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Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Cell Membrane Cell Wall
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Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Microtubules Cell Membrane Cell Wall
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Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Genetic Material Microtubules Cell Membrane Cell Wall
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Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Flagella Genetic Material Microtubules Cell Membrane Cell Wall
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Cytoskeleton
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Cell Membrane
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Cell Membrane Cilia
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Cell Membrane Cilia Mitochondria
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Cell Membrane Lysosome Cilia Mitochondria
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Golgi Apparatus Cell Membrane Lysosome Cilia Mitochondria
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Microfilament Golgi Apparatus Cell Membrane Lysosome Cilia Mitochondria
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Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Microfilament Golgi Apparatus Cell Membrane Lysosome Cilia Mitochondria
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Vesicle
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Cell Wall
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Cell Wall Microtubule
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Cell Wall Microtubule Cell Membrane
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane
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Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane
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Let’s Review… What structures do all cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have? Cell membrane, ribosomes, genetic material What structures do animal cells have that plant cells do not? Flagella (sometimes in plants, mostly in animal cells) What structures do plants cells have that animal cells do not? Chloroplasts, cell walls, vacuoles
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