1. Flowering Plants

2. Parts Of The Plant
The root anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals from the soil
The stem supports the plant
The leaves make food for the plant
The flower makes seeds

3. The Flower
The flower is responsible for reproduction (making more plants)
The male organs called the stamen
The female organs are called the carpel
The petals attract insects
The sepals protect buds
Flowers emerge in spring and summer, they grow from a bud

4. Parts Of A Flower
Carpel

5. The Stamen The stamen is the male organ It is made up of two parts:
The filament supports the anther
The anther makes pollen
Pollen is the male sex cell

6. The Carpel The Carpel is the female organ
It is made up of three parts:
The Stigma is sticky for pollen to stay on it
The Style is where the pollen tube eats through
The Ovary contains ovules. This is where fertilisation takes place

7. The Carpel
Carpel

8. Pollination Pollen is made on the anther It has to travel to a stigma
This is called pollination
Some plants attract insects for pollination
Some use the wind
Self pollination is when plants pollinate their own stigmas
Cross pollination is when other flowers are pollinated

9. Insect Pollination Attractive scents (smells)
Nectar can be used to make honey
Brightly coloured, large petals attract insects

10. Wind Pollination No Nectar No attractive smell
Long stamens hanging outside the flower
Small or no petals

11. Fertilisation This is when pollen fertilises the ovules
This takes place
in the ovary

12. Seeds When the pollen tube reaches the ovary it finds an ovule
The nucleus from the pollen fertilises the nucleus from the ovule
This fertilises the ovule and makes a seed
The seed grows in the ovary
The flower dies as the seed
develops

13. Seed Dispersal
Seeds have to be dispersed because they cannot grow where their parents are. They need a patch of soil where they do not have to compete for water and sunlight

14. Wind Dispersal
Dandelion seeds

15. Hooks

16. Explosive
When Gorse dries out the pod cracks open and the seeds inside explode outwards

17. Fruits
The Seeds are on the outside of the strawberry

18. Germination This is when the seed starts to grow into a plant
It happens when the seed gets three conditions:
Water
Heat
Oxygen

19. Photosynthesis Plants can make their own food
This is called photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide  + water + light energy     Glucose   +  Oxygen
Leaves have chloroplasts that soaks up sunlight

20. The Starch Test Leaves store their food (glucose) as starch
How would you de-starch a plant?
Place it in the dark for a few days
The plants cell walls have to be softened in boiling water
Chlorophyll is removed by boiling in Ethanol
Iodine turns from brown to black when starch is present

21. Watering Plants
When plants do not get enough water or minerals they start to wilt

22. Stomata
Plants photosynthesise during the day and respire when it is dark
Gases get in and out of a leaf through tiny holes called stomata

23. Stoma
Open
Closed