1. Satellite data Marco Puts
THE CONTRACTOR IS ACTING UNDER A FRAMEWORK CONTRACT CONCLUDED WITH THE COMMISSION

2. Remote Sensing Raster (Matrix) Data Format

3. What is image processing
Enhancing an image or extracting information (features) from image
Routines for information extraction from remotely sensed images. …

4. Image Processing Includes
Image quality and statistical evaluation
Radiometric correction
Geometric correction
Image enhancement and sharpening
Image classification
Pixel based
Object-oriented based
Accuracy assessment of classification
Post-classification and GIS
Change detection

5. Image Quality Errors in remote sensor data:
the environmental errors (e.g., atmospheric scattering, cloud),
random or systematic malfunction of the remote sensing system (e.g., an uncalibrated detector creates striping), or
improper pre-processing of the remote sensor data prior to actual data analysis (e.g., inaccurate analog-to-digital conversion).

6. Examples

7. Noise reduction
Combined Principle
Component Analysis
Xie et al. 2004

8. Noise reduction
Gamma Maximum
A Posteriori Filter
Nezry et al, 1995

9. Image Statistics Univariate image statistics
average, variance, min, max, etc.
Multivariate image statistics
How much emmitance from more than one band
PCA, feature extraction, etc.

10. Types of radiometric correction
Detector error or sensor error (internal error)
Atmospheric error (external error)
Topographic error (external error)

11. Atmospheric error

12. Atmospheric error absolute

13. Atmospheric error dark frame subtraction

14. Cloud removal Mean based cloud removal Second highest value algorithm
Use mean value of cloudy regions.
Second highest value algorithm
Detect clouds based on second highest values per row
Modified Maximum Averaging
Iteratively remove pixels brighter than the average
Hybrid

15. Topographic correction
Sun
Topographic correction
Earth
Sat

16. Geometric correction Geocoding: geographical referencing Registration
Image to Map (or Ground Geocorrection)
Image to Image Geocorrection
Spatial interpolation
Intensity interpolation (Resampling)

17. Image enhancement Resolution adjustment,
contrast adjustments (linear and non-linear),
band rationing,
spatial filtering,
fourier transformations,
principle component analysis,
texture transformations, and
image sharpening

18. Classification Unsupervised Supervised Classes can be hard to identify
Information about a class may not be in image

19. Example ABS: Estimating Crop Area Stats

20. Example ABS: Estimating Crop Area Stats
Classification:
Support Vector Machines
Gaussian ML classification
Multinomial Logistic Regression

21. Example: Statcan: Crop condition assessment
Processing steps:
Data Import
Reprojection and Clipping
Cloud Detection and Removal
Computing statistics by region

22. Reprojection and Clipping

23. Cloud Detection and Removal

24. Cloud Detection and Removal

25. Computing Statistics by Region

26. Sentinel Toolbox Rich sets of tools for analyzing satellite data