1. Chapter 1 Table of Contents Section 1 The World of Biology
The Science of Life
Table of Contents
Section 1 The World of Biology
Section 2 Themes in Biology
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Section 4 Tools and Techniques

2. Chapter 1 Biology and You Biology and Society
Section 1 The World of Biology
Chapter 1
Biology and You
Biology and Society
Biology is the study of life and can be used to both solve societal problems and explain aspects of our daily lives.

3. Characteristics of Life
Section 1 The World of Biology
Chapter 1
Characteristics of Life
Living things share the same 7 characteristics: organization and cells, response to stimuli, homeostasis, metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, and evolution.

4. Characteristics of Life, continued
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Characteristics of Life, continued
Organization and Cells
Organization is the high degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world.
A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all life’s processes.

5. Characteristics of Life, continued
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Characteristics of Life, continued
Organization and Cells
Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells and show a hierarchy of organization going from the organism to the atom.

6. Characteristics of Life, continued
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Characteristics of Life, continued
Response to Stimuli
Another characteristic of life is that an organism can respond to a stimulus—a physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment.

7. Characteristics of Life, continued
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Characteristics of Life, continued
Homeostasis
All living things have mechanisms that allow them to maintain stable internal conditions. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing.

8. Characteristics of Life, continued
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Characteristics of Life, continued
Metabolism
Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment.

9. Characteristics of Life, continued
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Characteristics of Life, continued
Growth and Development
The growth of living things results from the division and enlargement of cells.
Development is the process by which an organism becomes a mature adult.

10. Characteristics of Life, continued
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Characteristics of Life, continued
Reproduction
Living organisms pass on hereditary information from parents to offspring, also called reproduction.

11. Characteristics of Life, continued
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Characteristics of Life, continued
Change Through Time
Populations of living organisms evolve or change through time.

12. Theme 1 Diversity and Unity of Life
Section 2 Themes in Biology
Chapter 1
Theme 1 Diversity and Unity of Life
Unity in the Diversity of Life
Life is so diverse,or full of variety. Yet, life is also characterized by unity, or features that all living things have in common.
Common to all L.T.: DNA
Paradox of biology (so diverse yet there is unity)

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Unity in the Diversity of Life
The tree of life shows that all living things have descended with modification from a single common ancestor. Yet, there are many different lineages, or branches, representing different species.

14. Phylogenetic Diagram of Living Organisms
Section 2 Themes in Biology
Chapter 1
Phylogenetic Diagram of Living Organisms
Cladogram (better icon for evolution)

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Diversity and Unity of Life, continued
Three Domains of Life
The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
The six kingdoms include Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

16. Theme 2 Interdependence of Organisms
Section 2 Themes in Biology
Chapter 1
Theme 2 Interdependence of Organisms
Organisms live in interdependent communities and interact with both organisms and the environment.

17. Theme 3 Evolution of Life
Section 2 Themes in Biology
Chapter 1
Theme 3 Evolution of Life
Evolution, or descent with modification, is a FACT (not a theory) in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations.
-Evolution explains how species came to exist, changed over time, and adapted to their environment.
Good image X

18. Evolution of Life, continued
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Evolution of Life, continued
Natural Selection
Natural selection is a theory about evolution occurred: saying that organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits.

19. Chapter 1 Science as a Process Steps of the Scientific Method
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Science as a Process
Steps of the Scientific Method
The scientific method involves making observations, asking questions, forming hypotheses, making predictions, designing experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

20. Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Scientific Processes

21. Observing and Asking Questions
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Observing and Asking Questions
The process of science begins with an observation.
An observation is the act of perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to pose a question.

22. Chapter 1 Forming a Hypothesis
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Forming a Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions.

23. Forming a Hypothesis, continued
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Forming a Hypothesis, continued
Predicting
To test a hypothesis, scientists make a prediction that logically follows from the hypothesis.

24. Designing an Experiment
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Designing an Experiment
Performing the Experiment
A controlled experiment compares an experimental group and a control group and only has one variable.

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Designing an Experiment, continued
Performing the Experiment
The control group provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group.
The experimental group is identical to the control group except for one factor.

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Designing an Experiment, continued
Performing the Experiment
The experimenter manipulates the independent variable.
The experimenter measures the dependent variable because it is is affected by the independent variable.

27. Designing an Experiment, continued
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Designing an Experiment, continued
Testing the Experiment
Experiments should be conducted without bias and they should be repeated.

28. Collecting and Analyzing Data
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Collecting and Analyzing Data
Analyzing and Comparing Data
Scientists analyze data to draw conclusions about the experiment performed.

29. Chapter 1 Drawing Conclusions Making Inferences
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Drawing Conclusions
Making Inferences
An inference is a conclusion made on the basis of facts and previous knowledge rather than on direct observations.

30. Drawing Conclusions, continued
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Drawing Conclusions, continued
Applying Results and Building Models
Scientists often apply their findings about the natural world to solve practical problems.

31. Chapter 1 Constructing a Theory
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Constructing a Theory
A theory is a set of related hypotheses confirmed to be true many times, and it can explain a great amount of data.

32. Chapter 1 Communicating Ideas Publishing a Paper
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Communicating Ideas
Publishing a Paper
Scientists submit research papers to scientific journals for publication.
In peer review, the editors of a journal will send submitted papers out to experts in the field who anonymously read and critique the paper.

33. Chapter 1 Honesty and Bias
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Honesty and Bias
Communication between scientists about their methods and results helps prevent dishonesty and bias in science.

34. Chapter 1 Honesty and Bias Conflict of Interest
Section 3 The Study of Biology
Chapter 1
Honesty and Bias
Conflict of Interest
The threat of a potential scandal based on misleading data or conclusions is a powerful force in science that helps keep scientists honest and fair.

35. Chapter 1 Microscopes as Tools Light Microscopes
Section 4 Tools and Techniques
Chapter 1
Microscopes as Tools
Light Microscopes
A compound light microscope is a microscope that shines light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify an image.
Four major parts of a compound light microscope are the ocular lens, objective lens, stage, and light source.

36. Chapter 1 Microscopes as Tools Light Microscopes
Section 4 Tools and Techniques
Chapter 1
Microscopes as Tools
Light Microscopes
The eyepiece magnifies the image.
The objective lens enlarges the specimen.
The stage is a platform that supports slides with specimens.
The light source is a light bulb that provides light for viewing images.

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Microscopes as Tools, continued
Magnification and Resolution
Magnification is the increase of an object’s apparent size.
Resolution is the power to show details clearly in an image.

38. Object Size and Magnifying Power of Microscopes
Section 4 Tools and Techniques
Chapter 1
Object Size and Magnifying Power of Microscopes

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Microscopes as Tools, continued
Electron Microscopes
In an electron microscope, a beam of electrons produces an enlarged image of the specimen.
Electron microscopes provide greater magnification and resolution than light microscopes.

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Microscopes as Tools, continued
Electron Microscopes
Scanning electron microscopes pass a beam of electrons over the specimen’s surface for better viewing the external surface of a specimen.
Transmission electron microscopes transmit a beam of electrons through a thinly sliced specimen for better viewing the internal structures of a specimen.

41. Transmission and Scanning
Electron Microscopes

42. Chapter 1 Units of Measurement Base and Other Units
Section 4 Tools and Techniques
Chapter 1
Units of Measurement
Base and Other Units
Scientists use a single, standard system of measurement, called the metric system. The official name of the metric system is Système International d’Unités or SI.

43. Chapter 1 Units of Measurement Base and Other Units
Section 4 Tools and Techniques
Chapter 1
Units of Measurement
Base and Other Units
The metric system has seven base units.

44. Chapter 1 Safety Good Laboratory Practice
Section 4 Tools and Techniques
Chapter 1
Safety
Good Laboratory Practice
Lab safety involves safe and common-sense habits such as never working alone in a lab or without proper supervision by the teacher.