6. Who was Andrew Jackson?

7. The American President Movie Clip

8. Book Work
Read p. 333 and and the top of 334 to find background information about Andrew Jackson.
Fill in some background info on Jackson on the top of p.3 in your packet.

9. Like most of us, our seventh President was full of contradictions
Yet he turned himself into a lawyer, a general, a man of considerable wealth, and the President of the United States
He had virtually no education. It was said that the President “never spelled a word the same way twice.”

10. He was Scots-Irish
Which meant he was touchy and fiercely protective of his honor
He carried two bullets in his body from duels he’d fought
1806-Jackson became involved in a dispute over a horse. Dickinson challenged Jackson to a duel. Although Dickinson shot first, sending a bullet into Jackson’s chest, Jackson shot next and last - killing Dickinson.

11. Jackson showed this sense of honor when he was only twelve
During the American Revolution, a British officer struck him in the head with a saber when Jackson refused to shine his boots

12. He led troops against Indians and, in the War of 1812, crushed the British at the Battle of New Orleans
What no one knew at the time was treaty that ended the War of 1812 had already been signed!

13. His military skill made him a hero

14. End Lesson

15. What trends emerge from this data?
Analyzing Trends
Previously Held Office
President A
Vice President
President B
Secretary of State
President C
President D
What trends emerge from this data?

16. Hypothetical Election
Qualifications
Candidate A
Secretary of State
Candidate B
Speaker of the House
Candidate C
Treasure
Candidate D
Military Hero
Who do you think is the most and least qualified to be president?

17. Hypothetical Election Results
Candidate
Popular Votes
Electoral Votes A
108,740 84 B
47,136 37 C
46,618 41 D
153,544 99
Who won this election?

18. Election of 1824 Candidates Revealed
Popular Votes
Electoral Votes A
John Quincy Adams
108,740 84 B
Henry Clay
47,136 37 C
William Crawford
46,618 41 D
Andrew Jackson
153,544 99
Who won this election?

19. Amendment 12, United States Constitution (1804)
“if no person have such a majority [of electoral votes], then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as president, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President…”

20. Election of 1824 So who wins?
No candidate received a MAJORITY (1/2 plus 1) of the electoral votes. (261/2 = 130+1=131 electoral votes= winner)
Amendment 12 says vote goes to the House of Representatives.
House elects John Quincy Adams
3 days later Adams appoints Clay (Who was Speaker of the House) to become his secretary of State.
Jackson supporters claim it was a Corrupt Bargain.

21. Can we ever really know what happened?
Is it a corrupt bargain?
“There never was a corrupt bargain in the election of Supporters of Jackson invented this as a campaign strategy to get their candidate elected in 1828.”
Historian A
“Adams and Clay clearly entered into a corrupt bargain in 1825 and, in the process, cheated the American people out of the president they wanted.”
Historian B
Can we ever really know what happened?

22. Corrupt Bargain Video Clip

23. End Lesson
Homework:
Page 3&4 in packet

24. Jackson was both tough and frail
The men who fought for him called him “Old Hickory”—after the wood that is so incredibly hard that it made great canes for gentlemen to carry (and clobber each other with). Yet he was over 6’ 1” and weighed about 130 lbs.

25. In 1835, a man attempted to shoot the President
But his palms were sweaty, so both his pistols misfired.
Jackson proceeded to nearly beat the poor man to death with his cane. It took several people to pry the old man off the would-be assassin.

26. Jackson saw himself as the champion of the “Common Man”
At his first Inauguration, the “Common Men” at the White House reception nearly tore the place apart during their celebration for “Old Andy.”
They were distracted only when a 300-lb. cheese was wheeled out onto the White House lawn.
Which is where we get the term: “Big Cheese”

27. Although he loved the “Common Man,” this did not extend to people of color
Jackson’s wealth was based on The Hermitage, his plantation, worked by slave labor
He hated Indians and probably would have preferred to have seen them exterminated

28. His political idol was Thomas Jefferson

29. And his political philosophy followed Jefferson’s
He believed that farmers and workers were the backbone of America
He opposed a powerful national government; he felt that political power should be at the state level, closer to the people
Both men hated the Bank of the United States—both felt it gave the national government too much power
Neither man trusted wealthy, city-dwelling easterners

30. Jackson’s Presidency
Was one of the most controversial in American history
His power either made him a hero or a dictator, depending on your point of view

31. The Spoils System
After taking office, Jackson fired many government employees
He dismissed more than 200 employees.
Critics accused him of rewarding Democrats instead of choosing qualified men
Jackson felt that ordinary Americans could fill government jobs, instead of just the wealthy
Spoils System – practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs

32. The “Kitchen Cabinet”
Jackson gave a number of his supporters Cabinet positions
Most of these men were NOT qualified so he rarely met with them
Instead, he relied on a group of unofficial advisors such as Democratic leaders and newspaper editors
Because he met with them in the White House kitchen they became known as the “Kitchen Cabinet”

33. The Bank War President Jackson disliked the Bank of the United States
He thought it was too powerful
The bank had great power because it controlled loans in the United States
Example: If the bank directors thought state banks were making too many loans, they limited the amount of money those banks could lend
This angered farmers and merchants who borrowed money

34. Jackson’s Veto Jackson vetoed the bank bill for two reasons
He declared the bank unconstitutional
He believed the bank helped aristocrats at the expense of the common people

35. Bank War Video
End of Lesson
Homework: P. 6 & 7 in packet

36. But the biggest crisis of Jackson’s Presidency
May have been the Nullification Crisis over the Tariff of In 1833, it nearly tore the Union apart.
Jackson’s foe in the crisis was John C. Calhoun, whose wife had insulted Peggy Eaton. Jackson intensely disliked Calhoun.
What was the crisis about? How did Jackson resolve it?
It was one of the most important achievements of his Presidency

37. THE ECONOMIES OF THE NORTH AND SOUTH
Economy of the North
Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies, trade and port cities
Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing (textiles, tools,
metals, building materials, etc.)
Economy of the South
Large farms/plantations, cash crops
(tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood
products, small farms
Slavery

38. THE DEBATE OVER TARIFFS
Tariffs are taxes that the government puts on imported goods (Goods brought in from other countries).

39. 1828 Congress passes a controversial high protective tariff
Who do you predict will support this new law, and who will oppose this tariff?

40. The Debate over Tariffs
Con: If your business is agriculture, you need to sell your food and raw materials and buy manufactured goods. You may depend on foreign nations to buy your goods and in return you buy their manufactured goods. You are afraid that tariffs will make foreign goods more expensive. You worry that if you don’t buy their goods, then they won’t buy your farm goods and your economy will suffer.
Pro: If you were a craftsman or manufacturer in the United States, you would like tariffs because your products would not have that additional tax, therefore your products are cheaper than foreign products. People will be more likely to buy your products.

41. JOHN C. CALHOUN Vice President under Andrew Jackson
Believed the Tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional since it favored the North
Insisted that states had a right to refuse to follow a law if the state felt it violated its rights
States could declare a federal law null and void
This is called nullification, a rejection of the law
He and many other Southerners called the 1828 tariff a “Tariff of Abominations”

42. ANDREW JACKSON 7th President of the United States
Believed in preserving the Union and fought nullification
Recommended to Congress to reduce the Tariff of 1828, so they passed a lower tariff in 1832

43. NULLIFICATION ORDINANCE
South Carolina was not pleased with the new tariff either. They said it was oppressive, so the state passed the Nullification Ordinance in 1832.
Declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void
Stated they would secede if the federal government used force to make them comply.

44. JACKSON’S RESPONSE Claimed secession would be considered treason.
Defended the federal government’s power to impose tariffs and chastised South Carolina for violating federal law because a state had no right to declare any national law null and void.

45. FORCE BILL
Jackson asked Congress to grant him the ability to use military force to compel South Carolina to accept and follow the law -- The Force Bill
Meanwhile Henry Clay proposed another tariff in Congress that would reduce tariffs significantly over the next ten years – Compromise Tariff
Both of these passed in 1833, and South Carolina repealed its ordinance.

46. Tariff of Abominations clip

47. End of lesson

48. Indian Removal Act
President Jackson pushes Congress to force Indians to move west of the Mississippi
Congress established Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland
US government creates Bureau of Indian Affairs

49. Cherokee Sue For Land
Cherokee sued the government of Georgia for taking their land
Worcester vs. Georgia - Supreme Court rules Georgia’s actions are illegal and that the Cherokee can stay

50. President Andrew Jackson
“Chief Justice John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.”
What is the job of the Supreme Court?
What is the job of the President?
What should happen if a government official refuses to do his job?

51. Trail of Tears
US troops move 18,000 Cherokee at gunpoint 800 miles from
25% of Cherokee died (Over 4000) - most elderly and children
US troops steal things, rape women, and beat Cherokee’s that resist.

53. Trail of Tears Video Clip

54. Political Cartoons
Here are some illustrations and cartoons about Andrew Jackson
What events do they show? What opinion do they communicate?

58. Who is the person in this picture?
What are some of the symbols used in this cartoon?
What do you think the artist was trying to say with this cartoon?

60. End Lesson
Homework:
P. 9 & 10 in packet