1. Classical Conditioning

2. Learning
Learning
relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
experience (nurture) is the key to learning

3. What is Classical Conditioning?
Learning through association; a tendency to connect events that occur together in time and space

4. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
organism comes to associate two stimuli
lightning and thunder
tone and food
begins with a reflex
a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that evokes the reflex
neutral stimulus eventually comes to evoke the reflex

6. Classical Conditioning
It all started with:
Ivan Pavlov
Russian Psychologist
Discovered classical conditioning on accident, was just measuring saliva in dogs
A Stimulus elicits a Response
Did You Know? Pavlov won the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his work with studying digestive systems…. years before he even worked on classical conditioning!

9. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
Unconditional Response (UCR): the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the UCS.

10. Neutral Stimulus (NS): an unrelated stimulus that will become the Conditioned Stimulus

11. Conditioned Stimulus (CS): an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with the UCS, comes to trigger a response.
Conditioned Response (CR): the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

15. Classical Conditioning Example
A young girl reaches out to pet a dog and is bitten by it. This causes the young girl to cry. Now, every time she hears a dog bark, the hair on her arms stand up.
UCS UCR
CS CR

16. EXAMPLE: The Office, Altoid
1.) Application: Classical Conditioning Worksheet 2.) Come up with your own examples of Classical Conditioning

17. Classical Conditioning and Humans
John Watson brought Classical Conditioning to psychology with his Baby Albert experiment.
Click to see Baby Albert to some nice jazz.
This type of Classical Conditioning is also known as Aversive Conditioning.

18. Learned Helplessness
A condition suffered by people or animals who have learned to believe that negative events in their lives are unchangeable. This leads to a state of passive helplessness even when the person or animal actually has the power to change negative circumstances.

19. Learned Helplessness
When people are unable to control events in their lives, they are less motivated to act and thus stop trying. As a result, they also may think badly of themselves and feel depressed.
Example: Student fails a math test; can decide problem temporary-didn’t study enough or that he never does well on math tests and never will.
If rewards come without effort, a person never learns to work hard (learned laziness).
Do you think kids today are rewarded to much?

20. Learned Taste Aversions
When it comes to food being paired with sickness, the conditioning is incredible strong.
Even when food and sickness are hours apart.
Food must be salient (noticeable.)