1. Checking an Ill or Injured Person Chapter 3
CPR/First Aid
Checking an Ill or Injured Person
Chapter 3
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2. First Aid Care Guidelines
According to the American Red Cross guidelines for first aid & care;
An infant-from birth to 1 year.
A child-1-12 years (school age).
An adult-12 years or older.
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3. Checking Conscious Person
2 basic steps:
Interview the person & the bystanders
Check the person from head to toe
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4. Checking a Conscious Person
When conducting interviews (victim & bystanders), ask simple questions and keep it brief.
Identify yourself.
Ask for consent to help & the person’s name.
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5. Checking a Conscious Person (cont)
What happened?
Do you feel pain anywhere?
Do you have any allergies?
Do you have any medical conditions?
Are you taking any medications?
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6. What to do if person feels pain
Ask them to describe it & where it is located
When did the pain start?
What they were doing when it began
Rate pain on scale of 1-10
1 being mild
10 being severe
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7. Checking a Conscious Person (cont) Checking from Head to Toe
When checking a conscious person–
Do not move areas where they have discomfort or if you suspect a head/neck/back injury.
Check person’s head –examine scalp, face, ears, nose and mouth
Look for cuts, bruises, bumps & depressions.
Watch for changes in consciousness. (Drowsy/not alert/confused)
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8. Checking a Conscious Person (cont) Checking from Head to Toe
Look for changes in the person’s breathing.
Notice how the skin looks & feels.
Look over the entire body.
Check head, shoulders, chest, abdomen.
Check arms, hands, fingers.
Check hips and legs in the same way.
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9. Checking a Conscious Person (cont) Checking from Head to Toe
Look for medical ID tag. (Medic Alert)
Gives you medical information.
Explains how to care for certain conditions.
List who to call for help.
(Medic Alert
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10. ABC’s of First Aid A = Airway B = Breathing C = Circulation
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11. ABC’s of First Aid (cont)
Airway
Open it with a head tilt, chin lift.
Breathing
Check for breathing & movement for no more than 10 seconds. (Look, listen & feel)
Circulation
Check for signs of life (including a pulse for a child or infant) and severe bleeding
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12. Airway
Tongue may fall to back of throat & block airway if unconscious & laying on back
To open airway:
Push down on forehead
Pull up on bony part of jaw with 2-3 fingers of other hand to lift chin
AKA: head-tilt/chin-lift technique
Moves tongue away from back of throat and allows air to enter lungs
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13. Breathing
Look, listen & feel for signals of breathing for no more than 10 seconds
Position self to hear and feel air as it escapes from nose and mouth
Look to see if chest clearly rises & falls
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14. If person is not breathing
Give 2 rescue breaths
Each breath lasting 1 second
If the air goes in (chest clearly rises) check for severe bleeding and pulse
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15. Pulse Checks
Carotid
Radial
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16. Pulse check practice Check pulse on both places on self
Check pulse on a partner
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17. Circulation
Recognize breathing emergencies in children, and act before the heart stops.
When a child/infant’s heart stops, it is usually the result of a breathing emergency.
Adults’ hearts frequently stop beating because of disease.
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18. Checking conscious person clips
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19. Shock
Shock is a condition in which the circulatory system fails to supply oxygen to the body’s tissues and vital organs.
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20. Shock (cont) The heart must be working well.
When the body is healthy, 3 conditions are needed to keep the right amount of blood flowing–
The heart must be working well.
An adequate amount of oxygen-rich blood must be circulating in the body.
Blood vessels must be intact and able to adjust blood flow.
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21. Signals of Shock Restlessness/irritability
Altered level of consciousness
Nausea/vomiting
Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin
Rapid breathing and pulse
Excessive thirst
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22. Recognizing & Caring for Shock
Shock is likely to develop after any serious injury/illness including severe bleeding, serious internal injury, significant fluid loss or other conditions.
A person showing signals of shock needs immediate medical attention because body systems & organs are failing.
The goals of first aid are; get help, provide care and minimize shock.
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23. Caring for Shock Call 911/local emergency #.
The following steps can minimize the effects of shock on the body.
Call 911/local emergency #.
Help the person rest comfortably.
Control external bleeding.
Elevate the legs about 12 inches. Unless you suspect a head/neck/back injury or possible broken bones.
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24. Caring for Shock (cont)
Maintain normal body temperature.
Do not give them anything to eat or drink.
Reassure the person.
Monitor the ABC’s and provide care for the conditions that you may find.
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25. Skill Steps for Checking an Unconscious Adult
Step 1-Check scene, then check the person.
Step 2-Tap shoulder & shout.
Step 3-Have someone call 911.
(If an unconscious person is face-down–Roll face-up supporting head, neck & back.)
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26. Skill Steps for Checking an Unconscious Adult (cont)
Step 4-Open the airway (head-tilt, chin-lift), check for signs of life, movement & breathing for no more than 10 seconds. Step 5-If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.
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27. Skill Steps for Checking an Unconscious Adult (cont)
Step 6-If breathing, place in the recovery position and monitor the ABCs. WHAT TO DO NEXT… Be prepared to perform CPR or use an AED.
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28. Checking unconscious person clips
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29. Chapter 3 review Read chapter 3 and complete the review sheet
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