1. Looking inside cells
Chapter 1 section 2

2. objectives
Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in the cell.
Describe the functions of cell organelles.
Explain how cells are organized in many-celled organisms.
Tell how bacterial cells differ from plant and animal cells.

3. Key terms Organelle Cell wall Cell membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi body
Chloroplast
Vacuole
lysosome

4. Enter the cell
Organelles: tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.
Cell wall: a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
A plant’s cell wall helps to protect and support the cell.
Made of cellulose.
Many materials can pass through easily.
Cell membrane: a cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Food and oxygen enter in, and harmful waste products exit out.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

5. The nucleus
Nucleus: a large oval structure that acts like the cell brain.
The control center that directs all the cell’s activates.
Nuclear envelope:
A membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Chromatin:
Strands which contain genetic materials
Instructions for directing the cell’s functions.
Nucleolus:
The place where ribosomes are made.
Ribosomes product proteins.
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6. Organelles in the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm: the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
A thick gel-like fluid.
Mitochondria: the powerhouse of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out it’s function.
Endoplasmic reticulum: carries proteins and other materials from one part of the call to another.
Ribosomes: small grain like bodies that produce proteins.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

7. Organelles in the cytoplasm
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Golgi bodies: Receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
The cell post office
Chloroplast: captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food for the cell.
Vacuoles: storage areas for cells.
Most plants cells have large vacuoles
Some animal cells do not have vacuoles, others do.
They store food and other materials the cell needs.
Lysosomes: small round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell.
The cell garbage disposal.
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8. Specialized cells
In many-celled organisms, cells are often organized into tissue, organs, and other systems.
Tissues: a group of similar cells that work together to preforms a specific functions
Nerve cells  nervous tissue
Bone cells  bone
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

9. bacteria Bacteria contain a cell wall and a cell membrane
Bacteria does not have a nucleus.
Genetic material is a thick tangled string found in the cytoplasm.
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