1. Force and Motion Vocabulary

2. Motion Change of position is based on a reference point
any movement or change in position or time
Change of position is based on a reference point

3. Reference Point
A position from where you view motion

4. Speed Speed = Distance ÷ Time Speed triangle
the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Speed triangle

5. Velocity Speed = Distance ÷ Time plus direction Example:
The speed in a given direction.
Speed = Distance ÷ Time plus direction
Example:
40 mph is a speed
40 mph North is a velocity

6. Acceleration a = Vᶠ - Vᵢ t
The rate of change of velocity per unit of time.
Acceleration = final Velocity- initial velocity
amount of time it took
a = Vᶠ - Vᵢ t

7. Vectors
Arrows that show direction and magnitude that represent forces.
If arrows are in the same direction their magnitudes are added together and the direction remains the same.
If arrows are in opposite directions their magnitudes are subtracted, and the direction is of the higher magnitude.

8. Force Force= mass x acceleration s²
A push or pull of an object
Force= mass x acceleration
Measured in units called- Newtons (N) = kg x m s²
A Newton is kilogram times meter divided by seconds squared

9. Net Force
The sum of all the forces acting on an object

10. Balanced Force Balanced Forces will have a net force of zero
The net force is equal
Balanced Forces will have a net force of zero

11. Unbalanced Force
The net force is not equal
An unbalanced force will cause an object to be in motion

12. Mass The mass of an object does not change
The amount of matter in an object
The mass of an object does not change
Measured in kilograms, kg

13. Weight
A force that is determined by gravity acting on the mass of an object.
Weight= Mass x gravity
Measured in units called, Newtons
Weight and Mass are the same on Earth since Earth’s gravity is considered 1.

14. Gravity Acceleration of Gravity is 9.8 m/s²
The force pushing down on us.
Acceleration of Gravity is 9.8 m/s²

15. Friction Depends on surface area, and the texture of the surfaces
Force of 2 objects rubbing against each other
A force that opposes motion
Depends on surface area, and the texture of the surfaces

16. Air Resistance A type of friction also called, Drag
a force that slow down objects that are moving through the air
A type of friction also called, Drag
Air is considered a fluid

17. Sir Isaac Newton Scientist who developed the Laws of Motion.
- Law of Inertia- object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion until acted on by a force

18. Inertia The greater the Mass, the greater the inertia
Resistance of an object to change what it is doing
The greater the Mass, the greater the inertia
Which object has the greatest inertia?
A 1 kg object at 250, 000 mph
a 25 kg object not moving

19. Momentum You can think of momentum as how hard it is to stop something
Mass x velocity, or p= mv
The symbol is a lowercase p
You can think of momentum as how hard it is to stop something

20. Centripetal Force A force that makes a body follow a curved path
Means “center seeking”
Centripetal Force= mass x velocity²
radius
velocity² is the centripetal acceleration

21. Newton’s 1st Law Also called, Law of inertia.
Object at rest stays at rest, and object in motion stays in motion until a force acts on them

22. Newton’s 2nd Law
Force= mass x acceleration, F= m x a
Then,
Acceleration= Force
Mass
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass, the greater the amount of force needed

23. Newton’s 3rd Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Forces always come in pairs
Whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard.

24. Energy
The ability to do work

25. Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only change its form.

26. Potential Energy mass in kg, height in meters, gravity= 9.8 m/s²
the energy stored in an object due to its position
Potential Energy= mass x gravity x height
PE = mgh
mass in kg, height in meters, gravity= 9.8 m/s²
Measured in units called, Joules

27. Kinetic Energy The energy of motion
Any object that is moving has kinetic energy
Kinetic Energy = (1/2)mv2