1. Book two: soil, Rocks, and Landforms
Investigation Four:
Rocks

2. Focus questions
What are natural resources and what should we know about them?
What are renewable and nonrenewable resources?
How can we classify rocks differently?

3. Get your Plicker’s answer pages ready!
Review! Review! Review!
Get your Plicker’s answer pages ready!

4. Earth Make-up

5. 1. geoscientist -
A scientist who studies the use, distribution, and conservation of Earth’s resources

6. Earth’s outer layer of solid rock
2. crust -
Earth’s outer layer of solid rock

7. The solid rock between Earth’s core and crust
3. Mantle -
The solid rock between Earth’s core and crust

8. 4. Core -
The center of the Earth, made of iron and nickel; outer layer is liquid

9. Melted rock below Earth’s surface
5. Magma -
Melted rock below Earth’s surface

10. Natural Resources

11. 6. Natural resource -
A material such as soil or water that comes from the natural environment

12. 7. Renewable resource -
A resource that is naturally replenished quickly; such as sunlight, water, and air

13. 8. Solar energy -
An alternative energy source from the sun that drives the water cycle and produces wind, ocean waves, and flowing water in rivers

14. An alternative energy source that uses the power of the wind
9. Wind power -
An alternative energy source that uses the power of the wind

15. 10. Nonrenewable resource -
A resource that is not replenished because it takes a long time to form; such as rocks, minerals, and fossil fuels

16. An alternative energy source that comes from Earth’s internal heat
11. Geothermal Power -
An alternative energy source that comes from Earth’s internal heat

17. 12. Fossil Fuel -
Plants and animals that became buried under sediment millions of years ago, then slowly transformed into deposits of coal, petroleum, or natural gas

18. Rock Classification

19. The process by which rocks change into different kinds of rocks
13. Rock Cycle -
The process by which rocks change into different kinds of rocks

20. A rock that forms when melted rock hardens
14. Igneous Rock -
A rock that forms when melted rock hardens

21. 15. Metamorphic Rock -
A rock that forms when rocks and minerals are subjected to heat and pressure

22. A rock that forms when layers of sediments get stuck together
16. Sedimentary Rock -
A rock that forms when layers of sediments get stuck together

23. 17. property -
Something that you can observe about an object or a material.
Size, color, shape, texture, and smell

24. The resistance of a material’s surface offers to abrasion
18. Hardness -
The resistance of a material’s surface offers to abrasion

25. The way light interacts with the surface of the mineral
19. luster -
The way light interacts with the surface of the mineral

26. The feeling of the surface of the mineral
20. texture -
The feeling of the surface of the mineral

27. Experiments! Igneous Rock Classification Metamorphic Sedimentary
Mr. Kapusta’s
Room
Mr. Croft’s
Mrs. Smith’s
Igneous
Rock
Classification
Metamorphic
Sedimentary

28. Focus questions
What are natural resources and what should we know about them?
What are renewable and nonrenewable resources?
How can we classify rocks differently?