1. Objectives Explain the structure and function of: Carbohydrates Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

2. Biomolecules Large complex molecules in cells
Formed from repeating subunits
Most biomolecules contain carbon

3. Carbohydrates

4. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Small repeating subunit is sugar
Several sugars bonded together make carbohydrate
Sugars, starches, fiber

5. Carbohydrates 1 sugar by itself = Monosaccharide Mono = 1
Saccharide = sugar

6. Carbohydrates Take 1 sugar bond to another sugar… 2 sugars =
Disaccharide
Di = 2
Saccharide = sugar

7. Carbohydrates
Disaccharides:
Sucrose
Table Sugar
Lactose
Milk

8. Carbohydrates Take 3 or more sugars bonded together…
Polysaccharide
Poly = Many
Saccharide = sugar

9. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides: Starch Glycogen Hundreds of
glucose molecules
Glycogen
Many glucose
molecules
Many branches

10. Carbohydrates What do we use carbohydrates for? Energy
Structural Support
Cell Recognition

11. Carbohydrates Hydrogen Bonds
Chitin
Found in the shells
of crabs, lobsters and
Insects
Cellulose
Cell walls of plants
Strong enough to
Hold plants upright

12. Lipids Definition: A fat molecule that has similar properties
Includes:
Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes

13. Lipids Structure Chains of Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen
Typical subunit of lipids is a fatty acid
This structure makes it repel water

14. What do we use lipids for?
Energy Stores
Water Barriers

15. Proteins Subunit is amino acids Chains of amino acids twist and fold
What do we use proteins for?
Structure and support
Movement and transportation
Chemical reactions

16. Proteins Repeating subunit Amino acids
20 different amino acids found in proteins

17. Proteins Primary Structure Secondary Structure
The specific list of amino acids present
Secondary Structure
The list twists and folds

18. Proteins Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure
The twists and folds, twist and fold again
Quaternary Structure
2 or more protein chains bond together

20. Nucleic Acids Long chain of nucleotides Nucleotide (subunit)
Molecule made up of:
Sugar
Base
Phosphate group

21. Nucleotide

22. Nucleic Acids DNA – DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RNA – RiboNucleic Acid
Sugar = deoxyribose
String of nucleotides made of deoxyribose
RNA – RiboNucleic Acid
Sugar = Ribose
String of nucleotides made of ribose

23. Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acids store and transmit genetic information
Genetic Code in DNA…
Depends on the specific order of bases in the nucleotides
Sugar, Base, Phosphate
Two strands held together by Hydrogen Bonds

25. Nucleic Acids ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate 3 phosphate groups
By breaking off the 3rd phosphate group energy is released

26. ATP