1. macromolecules Large molecules made up of smaller units 4 categories:
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Amino Acids

2. lipids

3. Lipids are fats
Vegetable oil
Beeswax
Plaque

4. Lipids are hydrophobic
Hydro- = water
-phobic = fear of
Water and lipids don’t like to mix!
Things that like water are hydrophilic
Hydro- = water
-philic = love of

5. The cell membrane is made of lipids
Phospholipids
Hydrophilic head
Hydrophobic tails

6. Membrane is a lipid bilayer

7. Membrane is a lipid bilayer
Allows membrane to interact with water inside and outside the cell

8. The cell membrane is fluid
Constantly moving and flowing
(video)

9. carbohydrates

10. Carbohydrates give us energy!
Short-term energy
Long-term energy
“Carbo loading”

11. Carbohydrates are made of sugars
“Building blocks”
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
STARCH

12. Carbohydrates are used for:
Energy
From sugar

13. Carbohydrates are used for:
Energy storage
From glycogen (animals)
and starch (plants)

14. Carbohydrates are used for:
Structure
From cellulose

15. Nucleic acids

16. Nucleic acids are the code for life
The “blueprints” of the cell
They tell cells their job and what to do

17. DNA Stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid Double stranded
Helix shape (twisted ladder)

18. DNA Code made of 4 letters A = adenine T = thymine C = cytosine
G = guanine

19. DNA
Letters are always in pairs
A – T
C – G

20. Give it a try!
Write down the complementary sequence to this DNA strand
A T G T C C A G

21. Give it a try!
A T G T C C A G
T A C A G G T C

22. Amino acids

23. Protein review
Proteins made in the ER by ribosomes

24. DNA helps make proteins
DNA code is the instructions for proteins
DNA = blueprints Proteins = construction workers

25. Proteins are everywhere!
Enzymes
Carry out chemical reactions (ex: digestion)
Structural proteins
Hair, skin, nails
Immune proteins
Recognize foreign invaders
Hormones
Signal bodily functions (ex: insulin)

26. Protein building blocks
Amino acids
Link together to form chains