1. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Created by Kesler Science – More 5E lessons at KeslerScience.com
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2. Essential Questions:
Compare and contrast potential and kinetic energy

3. Potential and Kinetic Energy
The ability to do work
The ability to move or cause change in matter
Two types of mechanical energy
Potential - stored
Kinetic - moving
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4. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Stored energy in an object due to position
Ready to be used, but not being used
Can be transformed into other types of energy
SI unit Joule (J)
Distance (height) and mass determine its measure
Found in all objects
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5. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy (Gravitational)
The amount of potential energy is determined by its height and mass.
The higher an object, the greater its potential energy
Which ball has the
greatest potential
Energy? A B
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6. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
The greater the mass the greater the potential energy. B A A
Ask students - Which ball has the greatest potential to make a big splash?
Which ball has the greatest potential energy?
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7. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Which bow has the
greatest elastic potential
energy?
Potential Energy (Elastic)
The energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing.
The amount of energy stored is related to the amount of stretch applied.
The more stretch, the more stored energy
Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing. Elastic potential energy can be stored in rubber bands, bungee chords, trampolines, springs, an arrow drawn into a bow, etc. The amount of elastic potential energy stored in such a device is related to the amount of stretch of the device - the more stretch, the more stored energy.
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8. Potential and Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion
Formed or caused by motion
Can be transformed into other types of energy
SI unit Joule (J)
Speed/velocity and mass determine its measure.
Found in all objects
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9. Potential and Kinetic Energy
s= 20m/s A
Kinetic Energy
The amount of kinetic energy is determined by its speed/velocity and its mass.
The faster an object moves the greater its kinetic energy.
s = 10m/s
They are the same size so you look at how far it has fallen to determine greatest KE at impact.
Which object has the greatest speed? B
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10. Potential and Kinetic Energy
The greater the mass the greater the kinetic energy.
Which ball has the greatest kinetic energy? A B
Ask which one will cause the biggest splash if it falls into water or make the largest crater on land.
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11. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Transformation of Energy
Bouncing Ball
Several energy transformations happen when a ball is dropped on surface and bounces up again.
PE - maximum
KE - none
PE – none
KE - maximum
PE - decreasing
KE - increasing
PE – maximum
Ask the students to predict what the next ball in this sequence would be in terms of KE and PE.
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12. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Transformation of energy
Pendulum
Several energy transformations take place as the pendulum bob swings.
A – PE maximum - KE minimum
B – KE maximum - PE minimum
C – PE maximum - KE minimum A B C
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13. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Transformation of energy
Roller coaster
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14. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Transformation of Energy
Roller coaster
PE = 100%
KE = 100%
PE = 75% KE = 25%
KE = 75% PE = 25%
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15. How can thermal energy be used?
What is thermal energy?
How can thermal energy be used?
All matter is made up of trillions of atoms that are constantly moving.
Because particles are in motion, they have kinetic energy.
The faster particles move, the more kinetic energy they have.

16. What is thermal energy? (cont.)
Thermal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up a material.

17. -The potential energy of the soccer ball depends on the distance between the ball and Earth. -The potential energy of the particles of matter depends on their distance from one another.

18. Thermal energy describes the energy of the particles that make up a solid, liquid, or gas.
Mechanical energy describes the energy of one object.

19. What is temperature?
Scientists define temperature in terms of kinetic energy.
Temperature represents the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material.

20. What is temperature? (cont.)
Temperature and thermal energy are related, but they are NOT the same.
The particles that make up liquid and solid water have different potential energies and, therefore, different thermal energies.

21. Thermometers are used to measure temperature.
What is temperature? (cont.)
Thermometers
Thermometers are used to measure temperature.
Common temperature scales are Celsius (°C), Kelvin (K), and Fahrenheit (°F).

22. What is heat?
The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called heat.
All objects have thermal energy; however, you heat something when thermal energy transfers from one object to another.
The rate at which heating occurs depends on the difference in temperatures between the objects.

23. Thermal energy is transferred in three ways. by radiation
How is thermal energy transferred?
Thermal energy is transferred in three ways.
by radiation
by conduction
by convection

24. Radiation- transfers thermal energy
by electromagnetic waves.
can travel through space (travels in a vacuum)
Radiation transfers thermal energy through solids, liquids, and gases.

25. Conduction- transfers thermal energy
between materials by the collisions of particles is called conduction.
until the thermal energy of all particles is equal.
In solids

26. Convection- transfers thermal energy
by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another.
only occurs in fluids.

27. This cycle of cooler water sinking and forcing warmer water upward is an example of convection.

28. Convection Currents in Earth’s Atmosphere

29. What is heat?
The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called heat.
All objects have thermal energy; however, you heat something when thermal energy transfers from one object to another.
The rate at which heating occurs depends on the difference in temperatures between the objects.