1. Embedding Quotations

2. Don’t … Strand Quotations!
S.Q.’s are quotations with NO home….NEVER begin a paragraph with a quotation that has no speaker or interpreted meaning from YOU [as the writer]
Stranded quotations are the proverbial “fishes out of water.” Also called “Island Quotations.”

3. Paraphrase or Summarize
If the sentence is not quotation-worthy, then use a paraphrase or summary type sentence, e.g., George said that he would never talk to his sister again.
(It is not necessary for the audience to know George’s exact words, only that he will not be talking to his sister…thus, George’s words are not “quotation-worthy.)

4. He/ She said
Simple sentence tag (Use of author/character name is preferred: Hawthorne implies…)
He said, “There is a full moon tonight.”
Comma before quote
Capitalize first word
Period before end quote
Use more precise terms for says: believes, maintains, suggests, implies
(This is typical “dialogue” style and does NOT offer the “so what” analysis.)

5. Embedded sentence,Type I
George said that “no one could compare with the great LeBron James.”
No comma before quote
No cap for first word of quote
No quotes if you change the line completely: He said that he wanted to go first.
(However, notice that this type of sentence does NOT offer the “so what” feature.)

6. Embedded Sentence, Type II
The fact that “Elizabeth wanted a gown more beautiful than anyone else’s” shows how vain she is.
The line “Look upon my works, ye mighty, and despair” captures the arrogance of the ruler.
* Now THESE embedded sentences offer the “so what” feature. Identify the “so what” in each.

7. Divided
“You are,” she said reluctantly, “the best pitcher we have seen yet.”
Comma before end quote
Comma before second half of quote
No cap for second half

8. Speaker Details
John Smith, the author of Chocolate Rules, believes, “Nothing can take the place of the simple M&M candy.”
Appositive
Comma on either side of appositive

9. Intro summary (Colon)
Frost repeats the last line to convey a sense of weariness: “And I have miles to go before I sleep. / And I have miles to go before I sleep.”
Full sentence before the colon that summarizes idea of quote
Full sentence for quote
/ means a line break for a poem

10. List of words
“Vile,” “gritty,” “torn,” and “shabby” all suggest the deterioration of the world Winston lives in.
Quotes for each word
Commas before the end quotes

11. Embedded Phrases
Winston needed to show a face of “quiet optimism” to conceal his desire for revolution.
No commas
No capitalization