1. Vocative Case Ablative of Place From Which
Lesson XIII
Vocative Case
Ablative of Place From Which

2. Let’s Review! PERFECT TENSE: past action completed
Drop the –i from the 3rd principal part to find the verb stem
Add the perfect endings!

3. Finding the Perfect Stem
Find the third principal part of the verb.
doceo
docere
docui
doctus
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
docui
- i =
docu-

4. Perfect Active docu imus docu i docu istis docu isti erunt docu it
We taught We have taught We did teach
I taught I have taught I did teach
First Person
docu
imus
docu i
You taught You have taught You did teach
You taught You have taught You did teach
Second
Person
docu
istis
docu
isti
They taught They have taught They did teach
erunt
He taught He has taught He did teach
Third Person
docu it
docu
Perfect Active

5. Test on Wednesday! 2 grades:
Perfect Tense Verb endings…see your practice worksheet from last week!
English derivatives from Lessons 13-16…see your sheet from last Friday with the *’ed words to study!

6. Vocative Case (Lesson XIII)
In Latin, the vocative case is used to address people directly or to get their attention.
Charles, come here!
Emily, you’re the best sister anyone could have!
Leave me alone, creep!

7. Vocative Case
The name “vocative” case comes from the Latin word “voco”: “to call.”
The vocative is set apart by commas in English.
It’s often used with the imperative (command) verbs.

8. How To Make a Vocative
Most Latin words use the nominative ending for their vocative form, too. Yay! No new endings!
Porta aquam, mea filia.
Carry the water, my daughter.
But… there are exceptions!

9. How To Make a Vocative
Words that end in –us make their singular vocative by changing the –us to –e.
Free the captives, Marcus!
Libera captivos, Marce!
Hurry, friend!
Festina, amice!

10. How To Make a Vocative
Words that end in –ius make their singular vocative by changing the –ius to –i.
Free the captives, Lucius!
Libera captivos, Luci!
Hurry, son! (filius)
Festina, fili!

11. What To Take Away From the Lesson!
Vocatives are used to address someone directly.
The only words that use special endings are –us and –ius singular words.
-us = -e -ius = -i
All other words just use their nominative endings.

12. Making Vocatives! Quintus agricolae Cornelia Tullius Anna Marcus
amicus
servus
Quinte
agricolae
Cornelia
Tulli
Anna
Marce
amice
serve