1. Ablative Absolute A noun (or pronoun) in the ablative
A perfect passive participle (ppp) or present active participle (pap) in the ablative
The noun in the ablative absolute is NOT referred to in the main sentence

2. Literally translates:
With noun having been verbed (ppp)
With noun verbing (pap)
In smooth English:
[When, since, although] noun had been verbed

3. Passive Periphrastic
The Future Passive Participle aka Gerundive + a form of sum
The participle part of the verb has to agree with the subject in case, #, and gender
Expresses necessity, obligation
The person who has to do it is put in the dative case (the dative of agent)

4. Translates as:
Subject must be verbed by dative of agent.
With est- should be verbed
With erit- will have to be verbed
With erat- had to be verbed

5. Nunc id est bibendum. Passive Periphrastic: noun must be verbed
Noun- id
Verb- bibo: to drink

6. Carthago delenda est. Passive Periphrastic: Subject must be verbed.
Subject- Carthage
Verb- deleo: to destroy

7. Asia victa, dux servos in Italia misit.
Ablative absolute: with noun having been verbed
Noun- Asia
Verb- vinco: to conquer
Rest of sentence

8. Omnibus ferro militis perterritis
Ablative absolute: with noun having been verbed
Noun: omnibus militis or ferro? And what to do with second noun
Verb- perterreo: to really frighten

9. Quidquid dicendum est Passive periphrastic: Subject must be verbed
Subject- quidquid
Verb- dico: to say, speak