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Published byPer-Olof Berg Modified over 6 years ago
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Ablative Absolute A noun (or pronoun) in the ablative
A perfect passive participle (ppp) or present active participle (pap) in the ablative The noun in the ablative absolute is NOT referred to in the main sentence
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Literally translates:
With noun having been verbed (ppp) With noun verbing (pap) In smooth English: [When, since, although] noun had been verbed
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Passive Periphrastic The Future Passive Participle aka Gerundive + a form of sum The participle part of the verb has to agree with the subject in case, #, and gender Expresses necessity, obligation The person who has to do it is put in the dative case (the dative of agent)
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Translates as: Subject must be verbed by dative of agent. With est- should be verbed With erit- will have to be verbed With erat- had to be verbed
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Nunc id est bibendum. Passive Periphrastic: noun must be verbed
Noun- id Verb- bibo: to drink
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Carthago delenda est. Passive Periphrastic: Subject must be verbed.
Subject- Carthage Verb- deleo: to destroy
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Asia victa, dux servos in Italia misit.
Ablative absolute: with noun having been verbed Noun- Asia Verb- vinco: to conquer Rest of sentence
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Omnibus ferro militis perterritis
Ablative absolute: with noun having been verbed Noun: omnibus militis or ferro? And what to do with second noun Verb- perterreo: to really frighten
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Quidquid dicendum est Passive periphrastic: Subject must be verbed
Subject- quidquid Verb- dico: to say, speak
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