1. TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Displacement
Polymerisation
Combustion
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Combination
Precipitation
Decomposition
Neutralisation

2. Displacement Reactions
Definition:
Occurs when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another

3. Displacement Reactions
Examples:
Silver nitrate + zinc  silver + zinc nitrate
2AgNO3 + Zn  2Ag + Zn(NO3)2
Nitrate moves from silver to zinc
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid  magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Chloride moves from hydrogen to magnesium
Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2

4. Displacement Reactions
Memory Trick:
Deciding that you will ‘swap’ your boyfriend for someone better!
Remember, an element becomes a compound, and a compound becomes an element
A + BX  AX + B

5. Polymerisation Reactions
Definition:
Occurs when many repeating monomers link together to form a polymer
Sometimes water is also produced
Monomer: small molecule
Polymer: large molecule made of repeating units

6. Polymerisation Reactions
Example:
C6H12O6 (glucose) + C6H12O6 (glucose)  C12H22O11 (sucrose) + H2O
2 glucose monomers are added to make sucrose and water

7. Neutralisation Reactions
Definition:
Two types of reactions:
Acid + base  water + ionic compound
Acid + metal carbonate  water + ionic compound + carbon dioxide
An acid is a corrosive substance that contains H.
A base is its chemical opposite and their chemical formula usually ends in OH
Having the OH and H is what forms water
An ionic compound is formed via ionic bonding

8. Neutralisation Reactions
Examples:
Acid + Base  water and ionic compound
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (a base)  water (H2O) + sodium chloride (NaCl)
Acid + metal carbonate  water + salt + carbon dioxide
2 HCl + CaCO3  H2O + CaO + CO2

9. Precipitation Reactions
Definition:
Occurs when a clear salt solution (aqueous solution) reacts with another salt solution and the ions swap partners to form an insoluble solid (or precipitate)

10. Precipitation Reactions
Example:
Silver nitrate + sodium chloride  silver chloride + sodium nitrate
AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Silver nitrate and sodium chloride swap partners to become silver chloride and sodium nitrate

11. Precipitation Reactions
Memory Trick:
Think of two couples going out to the Year 10 social and leaving with each other’s partners
XY + AZ  XZ + AY
Partner 2a
Partner 1a
Partner 1b
Partner 2b
Result:
1a and 2b now partners
2a and 1b now partners

12. Precipitation Reactions
Remember:
A cation must end up with an anion
Therefore, the first ion of one pair must end up with the second ion of the other pair
i.e. Silver nitrate + sodium chloride must create silver chloride and sodium nitrate; it cannot produce silver sodium and nitrate chloride

13. Combination Reactions
Definition:
Two or more elements/compounds bond together to form a single substance
Examples:
Silver + oxygen  silver oxide
2Ag + O2  2AgO
Carbon + oxygen  carbon dixode
2C + 2O2  2CO2

14. Combination Reactions
Memory Trick:
A couple getting married
X + Y  XY

15. Decomposition Reactions
Definition:
Occurs when one compound (not an element) is heated, resulting in the compound breaking into individual atoms or molecules
Examples:
Calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
CaCO3  CaO + CO2

16. Decomposition Reactions
Memory Trick:
The opposite of combination reactions
One reactant, several products
A married couple getting divorced
XY  X + Y

17. Combustion Reactions Definition:
Involves burning a reactant or fuel in oxygen
Usually produces water and carbon dioxide
Example:
Fuel + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water
CH4 + 3O2  CO2 + 2H2O