1. Acids, Bases, & Salts

2. What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases
Forms H + ions in solution
Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas
Good conductors of electricity

3. Common Acids HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid
HNO3 – nitric acid - explosives
HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar
H2CO3-carbonic acid – sodas

4. What is a BASE? pH greater than 7 Dissolves fats and oils
Usually forms OH- ions in solution
Neutralizes acids

5. Common Bases NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps
Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids
Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants
NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- “ammonia”

6. pH Scale A measure of H+ concentration in a solution O-6= acidic
7= neutral
8-14= basic
Each whole pH value is ten times more acidic than the next higher value
Example: pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5

7. Concentration Review:
Grams of solute per L or mL of solution
=g/mL
Example: What is the concentration of acid in a solution that has 15 grams of acid in 2500mL?

8. pH paper (Litmus paper)
pH paper changes color to indicate a specific pH value.

9. Buffers
A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids and bases are added.

10. Acid Rain
Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids. .

12. What is a SALT?
A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base.
Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base.
Examples: KCl, MgSO4

13. Acid Rain Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKgX9PhTZj4

14. Alien Juice Bar http://www. lawrencehallofscience