1. IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IED)

2. The design of an IED will depend on the lethality of a bomb
Definition
An IED is a device, assembled by an organization or an individual in contravention to the existing rules of Law of Nation adopting unconventional or semi-conventional methods of assembling a standard device, ammunition/explosives or commercial, with a criminal/anti-national intention.
The design of an IED will depend on the lethality of a bomb

3. IED The effects of an IED explosion are not standard and predictable
The effects will vary in each case, depending on :
Components
Quality of explosive
Casing
Quantity of splinters

4. Components of an IED Explosives Detonator Power Source (Battery)
Initiation Mechanism (Switch)

5. Components of an IED… + -
Battery
Switch
Explosive & Detonator

6. Briefcase Bomb with Mechanism

7. Initiation Mechanism
The switch is a mechanism incorporated to ensure initiation of an IED in a predetermined pattern so as to ensure success in destroying the target in a well deliberated manner.

8. Chain of Detonation Flame Producer Flame Carrier Main Charge Detonator
Booster
Flame Carrier
Main Charge
Detonation Wave Carrier (Cordtex)
Detonator 1 2 3 4 5 6

9. Explosive and its Accessories
A. Flame Producer : Match fuse, Match box,
Igniter safety fuse striker
B. Flame Carrier : Safety fuse
C. Detonator :
Safety Fuse
Mercury Fulminate
ASA Mixture
Base Charge (CE)

10. Explosive and its Accessories…
D. Detonation Wave Carrier(Primacord)
Length : 150 m
Explosive : PETN
Deto. Vel. : 6000 to 8000 m/s
E. Booster :
To boost up the detonation waves
CE Powder : Brown
GC Powder : White
F. Main Filling

11. Explosive Accessories
Fuse Burning
Cordtex
Safety Fuse
Delay Fuse
Detonator
Explosive Accessories

12. Initiation Mechanism Types of Initiation Mechanism
The switches can either be classified as Electrical, Mechanical & Miscellaneous.
Types of Initiation Mechanism
Anti-handling
Delay
Ambient
Command

13. Types of Initiation Mechanism…
Anti-handling
Pressure
Pressure release
Pull
Pull/release
Tilt
Anti-penetration
Lift
Pendulum
Tension
Delay
Mechanical Timer
Clock/Watch
Quartz Watch
Electronic Timer
Pyrotechnics
Thermal
Electro Chemical
Chemical
Expanding seeds

14. Types of Initiation Mechanism…
Command
Car remote
Cordless Bell
FM Radio
Command Wire
Aero Modeling
Ambient
Temperature
Smoke/Gas
Sound
IR Rays
Proximity
Humidity
X Rays
Light

15. Questioning Technique
What time the bomb will explode ?
Where is the bomb located ?
What type of bomb is ?
How will we get rid of the bomb ?
What is your good name ?
Why have you kept the bomb ?
Where are you speaking from ?

16. Search Rules & Technique of an IED
Search Technique
What to look for ?
(Tell Tale Sign)
Points to remember
Action on locating IED

17. Search Rules & Technique
Don’t touch or handle suspicious object
Don’t assume only one device is planted
Use maximum two persons per room or for all area up to 250 Sq. ft.
Use Searches in alternate room

18. Search Rules & Technique…
Give rest after every 10 min.
Never use searches more than necessary
Clearly mark the area searched
Trust nothing and assume nothing safe

19. Search Rules & Technique…
Search Techniques
Obtain maximum information about the device
Listen before entering a room
Be careful about booby trap, at the door itself and also throughout the search
Make a visual survey of the entire area of the room

20. Search Rules & Technique…
Search Techniques
Divide the area while carrying out Search :
Waist level
Eye level
Ceiling level
Above Ceiling level

21. Search Rules & Technique
Search Techniques
Search back to back by two persons, meet in center and go back again
Rest after each Search
Mark the Searched area
Report about the area and suspected object
Ask for help from expert

22. Search Rules & Technique
What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign)
Recently disturbed area
Saw dust, Brick dust, Wood chips
Greasy Paper Wrappings
Out of place object
Disturbed Carpenter
Tin foils

23. Search Rules & Technique
What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign)
Partly open window/door/drawers
Fresh plaster/Cement
Loose Electric Fittings
Fish-line, dirty ropes, electric wire
Cut vegetation

24. Search Rules & Technique
What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign)
Military container of explosive
Dirty foot prints
Scratched or new paint
New brick work/plaster

25. Search Rules & Technique
Points to Remember
Don’t touch or remove the packet
Don’t open with hands or puncture
Don’t submerge in water
Don’t accept identification mark on the face value
Don’t bring suspect bomb to police station

26. Search Rules & Technique
Points to Remember
Don’t open unless duty bound
Evacuate the people to a safe area
Don’t use radio
Open all doors and windows
Don’t be a Dead Hero

27. Scooter Bomb found at Bombay in March,1993

28. Search Rules & Technique
Action on locating an IED
Buttress : It’s an action of putting sand bags near the object to protect
Baffling : It’s an action of putting mattress etc. to minimise damage due to blast and fragments
Venting : It’s an action of opening all doors and windows of the room.

29. Bomb Incident Planning Cycle
Bomb Threat/Incident Notification
IED Location known
IED Location not known
IED Detonates a
Investigation
Search
Collect Evidence
Reconstruction
RSP
Remove
Remove
Analysis
Establish modus operandi
TPT
RSP
TPT
Conduct apprehension
Remove
TPT
RSP
Conviction
Disposal

30. Render Safe Procedure (RSP) Tool Kit

31. Render Safe Procedure (RSP) Tool Kit

32. Counter IED Operation We can use mnemonic “UNITED NATIONS”
U -Useful information prior to responding
N-Notify appropriate people
I-Initial Response to scene
T-Time element involved
E-Establish Command Post
D-Decide Techniques

33. N- Notify the Field Commander
A- Attack an IED
T-Transport the physical evidence
I-Investigate Crime
O-Orientate Pertinent Facts
N-Notify Appropriate People
S-Synopsis

34. Bomb Detection Technique
Technician Neutralizing an IED

35. Bomb Detection Technique
Snake Eye Camera

36. Confirming presence of Explosive by Sniffer Dog
Bomb Detection Technique
Confirming presence of Explosive by Sniffer Dog

37. Bomb Detection Technique
Removing a suspected Car Bomb with Robot

38. Bomb Detection Technique
Mini Detector

39. Bomb Detection Technique
Electronic Stethoscope

40. Bomb Detection Technique
The door of a suspected Car being opened by Car Remote Opening Tool Kit (CROT)

41. Bomb Disposal Technique
Robot

42. Cordtex Opening Technique
Bomb Disposal Technique
Cordtex Opening Technique

43. Cutting a wire of a Detonator by Mechanical Wire Cutter
Bomb Disposal Technique
Cutting a wire of a Detonator by Mechanical Wire Cutter

44. Neutralizing an IED with Water Cannon
Bomb Disposal Technique
Neutralizing an IED with Water Cannon

45. Cutting the wire by Remote Wire Cutter
Bomb Disposal Technique
Cutting the wire by Remote Wire Cutter

46. Explosive Opening Techniques-Shot Gun Method
Bomb Disposal Technique
Explosive Opening Techniques-Shot Gun Method

47. Disrupting the Power Source by Disrupter
Bomb Disposal Technique
Disrupting the Power Source by Disrupter

48. Bomb Disposal Technique
Burning of Explosives

49. Making a hole in a suspected package with thermal cutter
Bomb Disposal Technique
Making a hole in a suspected package with thermal cutter

50. Bomb Disposal Gears
Bomb Suit

51. Bomb Disposal Gears
Bomb Blanket

52. Bomb Disposal Gears
Bomb Basket

53. Bomb Transport Trailer
Bomb Disposal Gears
Bomb Transport Trailer

54. Bomb Disposal Gears
Robot (Wheel Barrow)

55. Safety Precautions Do’s for Common Men
Inform the police on seeing any suspicious object
Move away from the suspicious object in a quiet manner
Follow instructions of guide in case of threat
Carry your own personal belongings during evacuation
Help ladies, old and children

56. Safety Precautions Do’s for Common Men
When a vehicle is parked, close all windows and lock the doors
Inspect vehicles for any suspicious object before moving out of garage
Switch off all electrical mains, gas lines etc.

57. Safety Precautions Don’ts for Common Men
Touch or handle any suspicious object
Pick up attractive items lying at odd places
Open or cut any suspicious object
Panic but remain cool
Obstruct the passage of security/bomb squad

58. Safety Precautions Don’ts for Common Men Spread rumors
Assume only one device is planted
Submerge in water
Bring suspected bomb to police station
Leave vehicle unattended

59. Started by Black September Group (Palestine)
IED : BOOK & LETTER BOMB
Started by Black September Group (Palestine)
Components of Letter Bomb
Sheet Explosives
Detonator
Switch Mechanism
Power Source (9V Polaroid Cell)

61. Recognition Sign We can use mnemonic “EXPLOSIVE PARCEL”
E-Excessive Securing Material
X-Excessive Weight
P-Protruding Wire
L-Lop Sided/Unevenly weighted
O-Oily Stains
S-Stiff or rigid envelope
I-Is pack expected ?
V-Visual distraction
E-Excessive Postage

62. Recognition Sign We can use mnemonic “EXPLOSIVE PARCEL”
P-Proper Name & Title incorrect
A-Address hand written or poorly typed
R-Restrictive Marking
C-Common Words misspell
E-European/Foreign Mail
L-Lacks address of sender

64. Safety Precautions Evacuate all persons Stop entry into the room
Don’t open letter by hand
Don’t smoke near bomb
Don’t cut any protruding wire
Don’t jerk the letter
Put letter through Mail Bomb Detector

65. The Value of Taking Cover
100%
Standing in the open
50%
Lying down in the open
35%
lying behind a low cover
10% 5%
Inside brick house
In Shelters or trench

66. Bomb Threat Contingency Plan for an Industry
Important Features
Designate a bomb threat co-ordinator
Bomb threat co-ordination control room
Bomb threat assessment committee
Evacuation of area
Search team
Evacuation signal

67. Bomb Threat Contingency Plan for an Industry
Important Features
Liaison arrangements
Responsibilities of various agencies
Telephone numbers
Completion Certificate
Remember that every Ex-Serviceman need not be an IED expert

68. ANY QUESTIONS