1. Technology Basics for Disability Services Staff
Southeast Disability and Business Technical Assistance Center
Leadership Academy
September 23, 2004
Athens, Georgia
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

2. Information Technology Terminology
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

3. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Information Technology (IT)
Any technology that stores or processes information.
Hardware and software
Internet pages, PDF files, Office documents
Copiers
Faxes
Voice mail
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

4. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Assistive Technology (AT)
Any technology that helps people with disabilities perform daily tasks that most people without disabilities can do.
Wheelchairs
Screen Readers
Spell-check
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

5. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Accessible Information Technology
Information technology is “accessible” when people with disabilities, with or without information technologies, can access it independently.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

6. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Courseware
Software products used in distance learning to provide content in a consistent manner.
Blackboard
WebCT
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

7. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
Group of industry professionals who set standards for Internet use
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

8. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
WAI (Web Accessibility Initiative)
Project of the W3C, which focuses on accessibility of websites.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

9. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
WCAG 1.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)
Guidelines for website accessibility, developed by the W3C and WAI.
Uses “Priority One”, “Priority Two”, and “Priority Three” standards.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

10. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Section 508
Part of Vocational Rehabilitation Act
The U.S. Access Board adopted the Section 508 standards in 2001.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

11. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Hypertext
Most Web sites utilize hypertext, which includes text links to other pages.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

12. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
The language in which most web pages are written. Web browsers use this code to display pages.
<tr>
<td colspan="3" class="invisilink"><a href="#content" target="_self" title="Go to Page Content (ctrl/alt + j)" class="invisilink" accesskey="j">Jump to Page Content</a> | <a href="#nav" target="_self" title="Go to Accessible IT Navigation (ctrl/alt + n)" class="invisilink" accesskey="n">Navigation: Accessible IT Portal</a> <a href=" target="_self" title="Go to Partners Center (password required)" class="invisilink">Partners Center (password required)</a> </td>
/tr>
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

13. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Markup or Code
Other names for HTML, designed to confuse people.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

14. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Tables
How most data is displayed on an HTML page. There are two kinds of tables:
Layout tables
Data tables
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

15. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Frames
Some pages use multiple HTML documents on one page which appear as “frames”.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

16. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
A CSS file is a set of instructions that tell a browser how to display a given page (in terms of text fonts, colors, etc.)
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

17. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
The URL is the address of any given page.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

18. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Alt-tag
Alternative text used by screen-readers.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

19. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Skip-nav
Skip-navigation text used by screen readers.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

20. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
XML, PHP, Cold Fusion
Software programs that merge databases with HTML to create web pages.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

21. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Multimedia
Any website that uses sound and video.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

22. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Applet
Any software program running within a website, such as Java or Flash.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

23. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
IT Terminology
Plug-in
Any software program a user needs to download in order to run a file, such as Flash or PDF.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

24. Barriers to Web Accessibility
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© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

25. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
What is Accessibility?
Mouse College
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

26. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

27. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Scrolling text:
Scrolling text may be difficult to read, or distracting, for people with learning disabilities.
Flashing or moving text may trigger seizures for people with photosensitive epilepsy.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

28. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Color Contrast
The blue-on-red navigation bar may be difficult to read for people with color blindness or low vision.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

29. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Multimedia Video:
The video presentation is not captioned for people who are deaf or hard of hearing.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

30. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Frames
The document is in three different frames, which makes navigation difficult for some people with disabilities.
With good HTML design, the frames aren’t even necessary!
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

31. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Alternative Text
There is no alternative text (or “alt tags”) for the images on the top navigation bar.
Students
Faculty
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

32. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Incorrect Alternative Text
Where alt tags are used, they are not appropriately used.
The Mighty Mouse Store
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

33. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Language used in links not descriptive.
The only hyperlinked text on the page reads, “Click here”.
Proper usage would be to have the link describe the content of the page that it’s linked to.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

34. What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Old HTML Tags
The page uses old HTML tags like <b> and <i>.
These tags have been “deprecated”, and will not work with newer browsers.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

35. Checkpoint #1 Mouse Hunt
Logo for Southeast DBTAC
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© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

36. Checkpoint #2 Hit the Lynx
Delorie Lynx Viewer:
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

37. Checkpoint #3 Catch the Wave
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

38. Checkpoint #4 On the Blink
Many individuals with photosensitive epilepsy experience seizures when viewing images that flash rapidly.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

39. Checkpoint #4 On the Blink
Several individuals experienced seizures from a broadcast of the “Pokemon” television program featuring flashing graphics.
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

40. Checkpoint #4 On the Blink
If you do not have photosensitive epilepsy:
Illustration of standards:
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

41. Checkpoint #5 Running a Tab
Visit:
Visit:
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

42. Checkpoint #6 Color Me Accessible
Visit:
Test:
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

43. Checkpoint #7 Hang Out with Acrobat
Adobe Access:
Check out:
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

44. Checkpoint #8: Using Bobby
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

45. Using Evaluation Tools
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

46. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using Lynx Viewer
Useful for illustrating how screen readers work
Shows how skip-navigation works
Shows how even small errors, like unlabeled spacer graphics, can be problematic
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

47. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using Lynx Viewer
Turns off style sheets
Turns off JavaScript
Columnizes layout
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

48. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using Lynx Viewer
Doesn’t always handle alt-tags well
Doesn’t work with frames
Doesn’t work with many newer sites
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

49. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using WAVE 3.0
Usable from web
Usable from “bookmarklet”
Usable by people with disabilities
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

50. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using WAVE 3.0
Uses icons to display information about text
Icons are color-coded to indicate priority level
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

51. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using WAVE 3.0
Red Icons
Missing alt-text
Spacer graphic without alt-text
Missing form label
Untitled frame
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

52. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using WAVE 3.0
Yellow Icons
Questionable alt-text
Deprecated <bold> tag
Mouse-over
Media objects
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

53. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using WAVE 3.0
Green Icons
Alt-text is present
Form label is present
Text alternative to JavaScript
Skip-navigation
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

54. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using WAVE 3.0
Blue Icons
Heading tag
Bulleted list
Emphasis markup
*1*
Reading Order
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

55. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
Using Bobby
Web-based version can only be used once a minute
Only “hats” and “question marks” for icons
Provides line numbers for reference
Picks up on Priority 3 items
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.

56. Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
More Practice!
Developed by CATEA with funding from NIDRR under grant # H133D010207
© 2003 All Rights Reserved, Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA.