1. 5G Wireline - Technology Challenges / Standards and Relationship to Open Source
May 25th 2016
Peter Ashwood-Smith
Disclaimer: This presentation represents the author’s personal opinions, no official position is implied by the contents of this presentation. It’s still a long way to 2020!

2. Some Major Drivers for the 5G wireline architecture
End to end virtualization – obvious operational savings for “tidal” effects
Cloud RAN – opex/capex savings, CoMP, CA, cell edge interference, migration, performance.
Mobile Edge Computing – operators low delay advantage over the OTTs.
Fixed Mobile Convergence – access side also looking for virtualization savings too… can they be combined?
Slicing – differences between RAT’s/CORES etc rather than a one size fits all allows ultra low delay etc. RATS.
SDN and Orchestration – hard to implement all of above with distributed protocols and too complex for manual operation.
NFV – use of general purpose compute as much as possible (but not everywhere) 4G vEPC, 5G-PacketCore[slice], … MEC + some of RAT
Better operations/mgmt, more Cloud-Style, auto problem detect/fix etc.
We expect to see SDN and Transport SDN play important roles in the integration of the various networks under one orchestration umbrella. T-SDN can be used to control the microwave links between antenna sites, likewise T-SDN can be used to control the metro network where the front-haul and back-haul wire-line is executed. SDN again plays a role managing the network and servers that resides in the data center where the NFV functions and/or C-RAN functions execute.
Various applications/services can reside on top of the 5G orchestration system which provide them with an unprecedented flexibility to operate on the entire 5G network end to end and if suitable hooks are provided into the C-RAN functions and the EPC functions the 5G applications can co-ordinate all the behavior of their slice of a 5G network end to end.

3. A few key wireline standardization issues
Fronthaul – Fronthaul ties CRAN to Antennas, major downstream effects.
Is it sliced, where, how..
Backhaul/IDC – latency, jitter, loss at packet layer, flexible data paths
NFV – concept needs to be made broader. Cover some of DSP and all of MEC
MEC – ETSI approach ridged. Any F any CPU + RAT (merge into NFV?)
Orchestration – does not exist yet .. Understand AT&T to build in-house
Danger of orchestration/mgmt duplication (virtual/physical)
Softwarization – high level programming model, profiles, scripts, end to end
OA&M – need “cloud like” approach. Continuous test/repair not just report.
We expect to see SDN and Transport SDN play important roles in the integration of the various networks under one orchestration umbrella. T-SDN can be used to control the microwave links between antenna sites, likewise T-SDN can be used to control the metro network where the front-haul and back-haul wire-line is executed. SDN again plays a role managing the network and servers that resides in the data center where the NFV functions and/or C-RAN functions execute.
Various applications/services can reside on top of the 5G orchestration system which provide them with an unprecedented flexibility to operate on the entire 5G network end to end and if suitable hooks are provided into the C-RAN functions and the EPC functions the 5G applications can co-ordinate all the behavior of their slice of a 5G network end to end.

4. Slicing from UE perspective
Interesting options for slicing with respect to the UE’s / “Things”
Android and IOS will need to be extended to support
Overlap possible
)))) OS
A P P
Thing
)))) OS
A P P
Thing
)))) OS
Thing
Thing
)))) OS
Thing
A P P
A P P
A P P
A P P
We expect to see SDN and Transport SDN play important roles in the integration of the various networks under one orchestration umbrella. T-SDN can be used to control the microwave links between antenna sites, likewise T-SDN can be used to control the metro network where the front-haul and back-haul wire-line is executed. SDN again plays a role managing the network and servers that resides in the data center where the NFV functions and/or C-RAN functions execute.
Various applications/services can reside on top of the 5G orchestration system which provide them with an unprecedented flexibility to operate on the entire 5G network end to end and if suitable hooks are provided into the C-RAN functions and the EPC functions the 5G applications can co-ordinate all the behavior of their slice of a 5G network end to end.
One Thing = 1 Slice
One Thing = N-Slices 1 OS = 1 Slice 1 App = 1 Slice
One Thing = N-Slices 1 OS = N Slices 1 App = N Slices
IOT etc. .
N IP addresses. Baby VM, Container, Apps isolated.
Add capacity, different QOS per APP. 1 IP address

5. 5G concept of an end to end “Slice” Network Perspective+
U =
Antennas
Fronthaul
CRAN fabric
CRAN CPU/S/W
RAT Numerology
Back Haul
Core CPU/S/W S
If U is the set of all resource sets { Antennas, Fronthaul , ..} then
Slice Si is a set of resource subsets taken from resource sets { Antenna, Fronthaul }
There are a nearly infinite number of possible slices | S* | U U
We expect to see SDN and Transport SDN play important roles in the integration of the various networks under one orchestration umbrella. T-SDN can be used to control the microwave links between antenna sites, likewise T-SDN can be used to control the metro network where the front-haul and back-haul wire-line is executed. SDN again plays a role managing the network and servers that resides in the data center where the NFV functions and/or C-RAN functions execute.
Various applications/services can reside on top of the 5G orchestration system which provide them with an unprecedented flexibility to operate on the entire 5G network end to end and if suitable hooks are provided into the C-RAN functions and the EPC functions the 5G applications can co-ordinate all the behavior of their slice of a 5G network end to end. +
Si =
Antennas
Fronthaul
CRAN fabric
CRAN CPU/MEM
RAT Numerology
Back Haul
Core CPU/MEM S

6. Slices can overlap in some elements (some subsets are full)+
U =
Antennas
Fronthaul
CRAN fabric
CRAN CPU/S/W
RAT Numerology
Back Haul
Core CPU/S/W S
= Si
Non physical isolation in the shared /overlapping elements
Isolation is in frequency/time/direction or statistical
Isolation is physical in time(OTN), frequency(l), space(fiber/server)
= Sj
We expect to see SDN and Transport SDN play important roles in the integration of the various networks under one orchestration umbrella. T-SDN can be used to control the microwave links between antenna sites, likewise T-SDN can be used to control the metro network where the front-haul and back-haul wire-line is executed. SDN again plays a role managing the network and servers that resides in the data center where the NFV functions and/or C-RAN functions execute.
Various applications/services can reside on top of the 5G orchestration system which provide them with an unprecedented flexibility to operate on the entire 5G network end to end and if suitable hooks are provided into the C-RAN functions and the EPC functions the 5G applications can co-ordinate all the behavior of their slice of a 5G network end to end.
= Sk
Physical Isolation

7. Controller/Orchestrator Hierarchy likely most control is of Open Source origin
MASTER SLICE CONTROLLER
C-RAN INSTANCE SLICE CONTROLLER
METRO N/W CONTROLLER
C-RAN INSTANCE SLICE CONTROLLER
D-RAN CONTROLLER
C-RAN INSTANCE SLICE CONTROLLER
UE SLICE CTRL?
FH SLICE CTRL
IDC SLICE CTRL
CRAN FABRIC CTRL
CRAN SERVER CTRL
CRAN SERVER
CTRL
CRAN FABRIC CTRL
IDC SLICE CTRL
FH SLICE CTRL
Mm & uWave CTRL
UE SLICE CTRL?
DWDM
))))
RAT / CN
RAT/ CN
RAT
RAT/MEC
CN / MEC
CN/MEC
Idle/off
400 GE
DC CONTROLLER
Fabric Control
Server Control
400 GE CN
Idle/off
RAT / CN
mmWave CN
Idle/off
RAT/ CN u
CN / MEC
(((
))))
We expect to see SDN and Transport SDN play important roles in the integration of the various networks under one orchestration umbrella. T-SDN can be used to control the microwave links between antenna sites, likewise T-SDN can be used to control the metro network where the front-haul and back-haul wire-line is executed. SDN again plays a role managing the network and servers that resides in the data center where the NFV functions and/or C-RAN functions execute.
Various applications/services can reside on top of the 5G orchestration system which provide them with an unprecedented flexibility to operate on the entire 5G network end to end and if suitable hooks are provided into the C-RAN functions and the EPC functions the 5G applications can co-ordinate all the behavior of their slice of a 5G network end to end.
RAT
CN/MEC
mmWave
RAT/ CN
mmWave
RAT/MEC
DC POD
Idle/off
))))
DC POD
))))
((( mm
PON
IP o <anything>
mmWave
))))
D-RAN
Analog
RAT

8. Complete Open Source 4G – end to end for FG-IMT-2020 POC experiments.
Android based phone.
Linux based eNodeB
Linux based EPC
Linux based HSS
Docker/Containers/VM/OpenStack
Open source eNodeB
Gnu Radio
Open source EPC
Open source HSS
Soon to include Open NFV, Open Daylight, ONOS (TSDN)
And Likely Open-O
= 100’s of millions of lines of code!!! Could 5G be > 90% code from open source origins?

9. ITU-T 5G wireline FG-IMT-2020 Phase II (2016)
Renewed end of 2015 for all of 2016
New Terms of Reference as follows:
Demonstrations or prototyping with other groups (e.g., with open source community);
Network softwarization and ICN;
Network architecture refinement;
Fixed mobile convergence;
Network slicing for front haul/back haul;
New traffic models and associated QoS and OAM aspects applicable to IMT-2020 architecture.
Four meetings in 2016 – Seoul and Berlin completed.
Outputs A: Draft recommendations to accelerate process in SG13 in 2017.
Outputs B: Proof of concept of softwarization, working with open source orchestrator (three teams currently planning this Japan, Ottawa and California (ICN)

10. Thank You