1. Introduction to Computer Concept
Computer Basics, Networks, Internet

2. Objectives After this chapter, you should be able to:
Define the term computer and identify the components of a personal computer system
Compare the computing capabilities of the computer categories
Describe operating systems
Describe Internet communications and basic features
Explain how an system works
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3. Definition
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software
Computer refers to a device that accepts data as input, processes data, stores data, and produces output
Input means to feed information into a computer
words and symbols in a document
Numbers for a calculation
pictures
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4. Definition
Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, ideas and objects
Processing is the way that a computer manipulates data
performing calculations
sorting lists and numbers
drawing graphs
A computer processes data in a device called the central processing unit (CPU)
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5. Definition
A computer stores data so that it will be available for processing
Memory is an area of a computer that holds data that is waiting to be processed and for later use
Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis
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6. Definition Computer output is the results produced by the computer
reports
documents
music
graphs
pictures
An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing
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7. Definition
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8. Computer Categories Before: Today:
Computers are categorized into three main categories from least to most powerful:
microcomputers
minicomputers
mainframe computers
Super Computers
Today:
A computer is categorized based on its technology, function, size, performance, and cost
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9. personal computer
A personal computer is a type of microcomputer designed to meet the computing needs of an individual
Desktop computers
Notebook computers
Cost starts at $500, but most spend $1000 to $1500
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10. mainframe computer
A mainframe computer is a large and expensive computer that is capable of passing data simultaneously to many users
Used by governments to provide centralized storage
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11. supercomputer
A supercomputer is one of the fastest computers in the world
Breaking codes
Modeling weather systems
Simulating nuclear explosions
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12. computer network
A computer network is two or more computers and other devices that are connected for the purpose of sharing data and programs
LAN (local area network) is simply a computer network that is located within a limited geographical area
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13. computer network The term “workstation” has two meanings
Powerful desktop models designed for specialized tasks
Ordinary personal computers connected to a local area network
A server serves the computers on a network
A client receives data from a server
Any computer can be a server and a client
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14. the Internet
The Internet is a collection of local, regional, national, and international computer networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks
The main routes of the Internet are referred to as the Internet backbone.
Communication between all of the different devices on the Internet is made possible by TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol)
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15. the Internet
It is estimated that the Internet provides access to more data than is stored in all the academic research libraries in the U. S.
Most of the information is stored on servers which are owned and maintained by government agencies, corporations, small businesses, schools, organizations, and even individuals
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16. the Internet
Every computer that connects to the Internet has a unique number called an IP address.
Information is sent in chunks called packets
A router examines the IP address and then forwards the data to its destination.
Packets are reassembled into a replica of the original file
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17. Resources does the Internet provide
Web Sites – various locations in cyberspace that correspond to a corporation, a store, a magazine, and more
Search engines – help catalog a huge portion of the data stored on servers that are connected to the Internet
E-commerce – online activities such as banking and shopping
– electronic messages
Mailing list server
Newsgroups
Downloads and uploads
Remote access and control
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18. Internet connections Existing telephone line Cable television line
Personal satellite link
Wireless or cell phone service
High-speed telephone services
ISDN, DSL
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19. The World Wide Web
Web is a collection of files organized as a giant hypertext
Hypertext
A computer with a domain name is referred to as a site
yahoo.com
Web site - location in a computer somewhere on the Internet
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20. The World Wide Web
Web server - computer with special software for transmitting Web pages over the Internet
domain names prefixed with www
Home page - identifies the site and contains links to other pages at the site
Web sites are composed of a series of Web pages
each page stored as a file
referred to by a unique URL
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21. The World Wide Web
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - an Internet address of a document on a computer begin with
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol - the protocol that allows Web browsers to communicate with Web servers
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22. The World Wide Web
Web browsers provide Internet users with all-purpose client software for accessing many types of servers
Internet Explorer
Netscape
A browser fetches and displays Web pages
The server sends your computer data that’s stored
The data consists of information that you want to see and HTML tags, codes that tell your browser how to display it
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23. The World Wide Web
Search engine – popularly refers to a Web site that provides a variety of tools to help you find information
A software program that helps you locate web pages on certain topics
Enter keywords or descriptions
AltaVista, Google, Yahoo, etc.
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24.
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25.
An account provides the rights to a storage area or “mailbox”
Each mailbox has a unique address
An message is a document that is composed on a computer and remains in digital form so that it can be transmitted to another computer
Every message includes a message header and the body of the message, usually displayed in a form
An attachment is a file that travels with a message to the recipient
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