1. Chapter 2: Population

2. What is Overpopulation?
Overpopulation is when an area’s population exceeds the capacity of the environment to support them at an acceptable standard of living. It is solely based on the number of people and availability of resources. Overpopulation occurs in China where 1.3 billion people live, and resources are becoming scarce in the area.

3. Overpopulation

4. What is agricultural, physiological, and population density?
Population Density- the number of people that occupy an area of land; used to help geographers describe the distribution of people in comparison to available resources. In Canada, the population divided by the area is a density of 9 people per mile.
Physiological Density- the number of people supported by a unit area of arable land (suited for agriculture); the higher the phys. density, the greater pressure that people may put on the land to produce enough food. In the US, the density is 156 people and it is 3503 people in Egypt; crops grown on a hectare of land in Egypt feed more people than the US

5. 4 Continued
Agricultural Density- the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land; helps to measure account for economic differences. The US has a low agricultural density.

6. What are IMR, CBR, CDR, and TFR?
IMR- infant mortality rate; the number of deaths of infants under one year of age compared to the total live births among 1,000 infants
CBR- crude birth rate; the total number of births per 1,000 people. Countries have a high crude birth rate if they are less developed
CDR- crude death rate; the total number of death rates. The less education you have, the higher death chance you have.
TFR- total fertility rate- number of children a woman will have through her birth expectancy ages. The higher the TFR is, the less developed the country is

7. What are the characteristics of each stage of demographic transition model?
Stage 1: The birth rates and death rates are the same because the country might be largely populated.
Stage 2: The death rates decrease and birth rates stay the same because of new technologies. Industrial revolution ability to keep people live longer.; rural, poor, least developed (Africa and Asia)
Stage 3: Birth rate increases because of change of surroundings. New contraceptives, women tend to not have many kids. They chose their careers.
Stage 4: Brazil, Mexico, China and India; Status of women are lower than men.
Stage 5: The death rates increase and birth rates decreases because there are more old people than young. Old people aren’t gonna have children. (Japan)-higher job positions, have less kids.

8. Demographic Transition Model

9. 9) what did Malthus argue?
the population was growing much more rapidly than Earth's food supply because population increases geometrically, whereas food supply increases arithmetically.
What Malthus is trying to say is that if the population keeps increasing at the same rate that it was at the time then after a certain amount of time there won't be enough food for each person.
EXAMPLE:
Today- 1 person 1 unit of food
25 years- 2 persons. 2 units of food
50 years- 4 persons 3 units of food
75 years- 8 persons 4 units of food
100 years- 16 persons 5 units of food

10. 10) what is ecume?
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Means that any part of the earths surface that people live
Was mostly concentrated in the Middle East and East Asia but has spread to most of the worlds land sea

11. What are the major population clusters of the world?
East Asia, South Asia, Europe, North America

12. Where is the largest population cluster in the US?
The largest population cluster is in the east coast.
In the US the largest cluster is in the east because of urbanization
New York is an example of a large
population cluster in the us

13. Why are women having fewer children in the U. S
Why are women having fewer children in the U.S. now versus 50 years ago?
women are having less children because of education and economy.
Women are having less children
because of the expansion of education
of women, and as they educate themselves
they are open to more opportunities to
getting a well paid jobs. Because of the jobs
that women have they wouldn’t have time to
have children as they did 50 years ago.
Women in Japan are having less children.