1. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Imaging the initial condition by
higher order event anisotropy vn
multi-particle correlation
direct photon v2
from the RHIC-PHENIX experiment
ShinIchi Esumi for the PHENIX collaboration
Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Tsukuba
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

2. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
RXN
MPC
(reaction plane detector)
2cm Pb converter
in front
(muon piston
EM-calorimeter)
PbW04
dN/d
BBC
(beam-beam quartz-
Cherenkov detector) -5 5 
(zero degree n calorimeter
ZDC/SMD /shower max detector)
CNT
(PHENIX central tracking arm)
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 2

3. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukubay
v3 and initial fluctuation x
Reaction Plane (x-z) x
arXiv: z y y
black-disk > sign-flipping v3
initial fluctuation --> no-sign-flipping v3 x
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 3

4. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Indication of strong non-flipping and weak sign-flipping v3
A: RXN(>0)
B: BBC(<0)
C: MPC(>0)
D: MPC(<0)
E: BBC (>0)
F: ZDC (+/{-})
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

5. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Centrality and pT dependences of vn at 200GeV Au+Au
charged particle vn : ||<0.35
reaction plane n : ||=1.0~2.8
v3 is comparable to v2 at 0~10%
weak centrality dependence on v3
v4{4} ~ 2 x v4{2}
All of these are consistent with initial fluctuation.
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

6. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Particle dependence of v3 shows the similar mass-splitting and Baryon / Meson difference like v2.
How the initial geometrical anisotropy was transformed into the final momentum anisotropy? 2 3 4
common systematic error for all 3 species
Npart.
S. Mizuno, WPCF2011, 23/Sep/2011
v3 reflects the collective expansion.
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

7. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
v3 breaks the degeneracy
PRC
arXiv:
KLN 2
Gla. 3
Gla. v2
KLN
v3 provides an additional constraining power on the hydro-model parameters.
Glauber & 4/s=1 works better.
CGC-KLN & 4/s=2 fails. v3
B. Alver et. al., Phys. Rev. C82, (2010).
B. Schenke et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, (2011).
H. Petersen et. al., Phys. Rev. C82, (2010).
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

8. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Beam energy dependence 39/62/200GeV Au+Au
2-particle correlation method between central and forward rapidities
charged particle v3
charged particle v4
charged particle v2
similar hydro-properties down to 39GeV
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

9. Beam energy dependence of <v2> and v2(pT)
Preliminary, STAR, PHENIX and E895 data
103
104
ALICE
at 1.7GeV/c
at 0.7GeV/c
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

10. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Small deviations in (mT-m0)/nq scaled v2
Pb+Pb 2.76TeV
Au+Au 200GeV
Au+Au 39GeV
proton
proton
PHENIX Preliminary
PHENIX Preliminary
M. Krzewicki, QM11
roughly (mT-m0)/nq scaled for all energies
larger pT shift for heavier particles
radial flow increases with energy
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

11. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Does v3 explain ridge and mach-cone?
Ridge
Mach-Cone Dh
Df(rad)
ridge : long range  correlation at near-side
cone : double peak/shoulder at away-side (long in )
v3 : initial fluctuation is common over wide range of 
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

12. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
The answer is YES with || gap.
The data are unchanged, only the interpretations are being changed.
This has also been shown by various experiments.
arXiv:
J. Jia, QM11
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

13. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Not completely yet, without || gap.
v2 BG corrected
v2 ,v3 ,v4 BG corrected
PHENIX preliminary
200GeV Au+Au
0-20%, inc. g-had.
T. Todoroki, WPCF2011, 21/Sep/2011
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

14. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Probe the transverse geometry and/or dynamics with trigger angle selected 2-particle correlation including the HBT correlation
Jet , Trig. 8 7 6 5
near side
(trigger
direction) 4 3 2 1
thin side mach-cone
(shoulder region)
ASSO-TRIG>0
Jet , Trig. 8 7 6
ASSO-TRIG<0 5 4 3
away side
(head region) 2 1
Jet , Trig.
thick side mach-cone
(shoulder region)
ASSO-TRIG<0 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

15. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Observed left/right asymmetry remains
after “the usual/normal” v3 subtraction.
200GeV Au+Au -> h-h, 20-50%
(pTTrig=2~4, pTAsso=1~2GeV/c)
v2,v4{2} only subtraction
PHENIX preliminary
out-of-plane
trigger case
in-plane
trigger case
Trigger angle selection w.r.t. 2 separately for left(up) / right(down)
Trig.
Trig.
Trigger angle selected 2-part. corr. data are plotted in polar coordinate by rotating 2 R.P. angle as X-axis.
2 R.P.
2 R.P.
Trig.
Flow subtracted yield is shown radially with base line.
Trig.
surface dominance
penetration dominance
Two competing processes seen
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

16. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Geometrical source anisotropy via HBT measurement at the end of freeze-out
T. Niida, WPCF2011, 20/Sep/2011
It might be different from the v2-v4 relation
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

17. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Direct (Thermal) photons
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

18. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
dir. v2 extracted from inc. v2, 0 v2 and R ratio
arXiv:
significant difference between 0 and inc. v2 above 5GeV/c
difference between v2{RXN} and v2{BBC} is due to jet bias
surprisingly large dir. v2 is seen, similar to hadron v2 at low pT
dir. v2 is small at high pT, consistent with prompt photon
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

19. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

20. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Summary
Significant higher order event anisotropy observed
Consistent with initial geometrical fluctuation
Break degeneracy: Glauber & 4/s=1 favored
Almost perfect fluidity from 39GeV to 2.76TeV
mT-m0 scaling for v2 <---> radial flow
Multi-particle correlation analysis in progress
Strong impact from vn on Mach cone and ridge
C2 <-> vn with or without || gap cut
Direct photon v2 observed
Small at high pT --> consistent with pQCD
Large in low pT --> challenge to theory
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

21. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Backup slides
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

22. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
3Glauber ( > .or. < ) 3CGC-KLN ?
PRC
arXiv: K 2 3 2 G G
3,5 K 4 5
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

23. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
|| dependence of vn from LHC-ATLAS
arXiv:
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

24. || dependence of (vntrig. x vnasso.)
with vn{C2 global fit}, which they call vn factorization in ATLAS
arXiv:
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

25. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
AMPT correlation test shows some remaining effects
without
|| gap
G-L. Ma, QM11
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

26. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Flow subtracted 2-particle  correlation with trigger angle selection in 200GeV Au+Au
out-of-plane
in-plane
average
0-20%
20-50%
50-93%
200GeV Au+Au -> h-h (pTTrig=2~4GeV/c, pTAsso=1~2GeV/c)
v2(v4{2})-only subtraction PHENIX preliminary
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

27. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Measurement of 0 and inc. v2
200GeV Au+Au (min. bias)
arXiv:
inc. v2 with external conversion method
200GeV Au+Au 20-40%
PHENIX Preliminary
inc. v2
(2BBC)
significant difference between 0 and inc. v2 above 5GeV/c,
difference between v2{RXN} and v2{BBC} due to jet bias.
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

28. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
dir. v2 extracted from inc. v2, 0 v2 and R ratio
arXiv:
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

29. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
R ratio and v2 ratio
200GeV Au+Au (min. bias)
arXiv:
dir. v2 is small at high pT ---> consistent with prompt photon
surprisingly large dir. v2 seen, similar to hadron v2 at low pT.
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

30. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Centrality and pT dependences of inc. v2, 0 v2 and dir. v2
arXiv:
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

31. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
Comparison of dir. v2 with model calculations
dir. v2
R. Chatterjee and D. K. Srivastava
PRC 79, (R) (2009)
PRL96, (2006)
Several models have failed in v2 magnitude with similar shape
200GeV Au+Au 0-20%
pT (GeV/c)
Large v2 of low pT thermal photon
--> challenge to theory calculations
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba