1. World War II – part 2

2. Retreat from Isolationism
USS Panay incident
Embargo of oil, tin, scrap metal, and rubber on Japan in
Neutrality Acts?
Cash and Carry (Neutrality Act of 1939)
Destroyer for Land Bases Act
Lend Lease
Peace time draft
“The Four Freedoms” – 1941 State of the Union
“Quarantine” speech

3. The Atlantic Charter
No territorial gains aggrandizement by the United States or the Great Britain.
Territorial adjustments must be in accord with the wishes of the peoples concerned.
Self-determination.
Trade barriers were to be lowered.
There was to be global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare.
Freedom from want and fear.
Freedom of the seas.
General disarmament

4. Pearl Harbor

5. USS Lexington

8. “You can no more win a war than you can win an earthquake.”
December 7, 1941
Jeanette Rankin
“You can no more win a war than you can win an earthquake.”

10. Transformations from World War II
It expanded the power of the presidency.
Solidified the concept of the imperial presidency.
Led to increased rights for Mexican-Americans and African-Americans by the 1960s.
Societal Upheaval – rise of the Sun Belt and Gulf Coast.
Ended Great Depression Unemployment overnight.

11. More Changes People's fashions. Women in the work force
At start of war: 4% of white married women.
At end: 50%.

12. Oveta Culp Hobby

13. Rosie The Riveter
Average, everyday, working women who built the “arsenal for democracy”

14. African-Americans “Double-V” Campaign.
Est. of Fair Employment Commission.

15. Mexican-Americans

16. Bracero Program

17. The Violent Homefront - Detroit

18. Zoot Suit Riots

20. Internment

23. Topaz, Utah

24. Executive Order 9066
 ”Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War…to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion.” 
California Attorney General Earl Warren: “When dealing with the Caucasian race we have methods that will test the loyalty of them. But when we deal with the Japanese we are in an entirely different field.”

25. 275,000 Japanese emigrated to the US until 1924.
112,000 Japanese Americans interned in camps (70,000 US citizens).
Dining and bathing facilities communal
Generational authority broken
Hirabayashi v US (1943)
Korematsu v US (1944)

26. US at War European Theater Pacific Theater “Europe First”
“Nibbling at the edges”
D-Day
Battle of the Bulge
Pacific Theater
Island Hopping
Fire Bombing

27. Nibbling at the Edges

28. D Day

29. Battle of the Bulge

30. Island Hopping

31. The Atomic Bomb Fat Man Nagasaki 8/9/1945
Little Boy Hiroshima 8/6/1945

32. Hiroshima

33. Hiroshima

34. Nagasaki

38. The Case For the Bomb Fire and Saturation Bombing was not working.
Not using the bomb would require a major policy shift.
The atomic bomb was simply part of the arsenal – he had to use all weapons in the US’s arsenal.
An invasion would be too costly.

39. The Case Against Use of the bomb saved no American lives.
The bomb was not what caused Japan to surrender.
The claims about loss of American lives in an invasion are strictly a figment of Truman’s imagination.
There were alternatives to directly dropping an atomic bomb.
The real target was the Soviet Union.

40. Security vs. Property
Total Property losses $1.3 billion (adjusted to 1983)
Total income losses $2.7 billion
Aftermath
Claims commission established in 1948 (American Japanese Claims Act)
Executive Order 9066 not repealed until 1976.
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians – 1980
Civil Liberties Act of 1988