1. The Treaty of Versailles and Revolution

2. the Allies negotiated treaties with each of the Central Powers
The settlement with Germany proved most important for future events

3. Revolutionary Fallout
When the Allied victors met in January 1919, they found it impossible to put Europe back together again
Revolutionary violence led to the toppling of four empires
Allied leaders were prepared to confirm the creation of new states out of the Habsburg Empire and promote democratic governments there and Germany

4. Differing Goals and Visions for Peace
President Woodrow Wilson authored the Fourteen Points
New diplomatic order by open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, arms reduction, national self-determination and collective security
Creation of a League of Nations

5. French Premier George Clemenceau concentrated on security for France by emasculating Germany’s military and economic potential
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George wanted to punish Germany but not utterly destroy it
Prime Minister Orlando represented Italy but eventually walked out

6. Russia sat out of the negotiations
The Allies rejected German participation

7. The Final Product
Delegates signed the Versailles settlement on June 28, 1919
Territorial Losses
Germany lost 13% of its territory and 12% of its population
Demilitarization
German army was reduced to 100,000 men, naval fleet was curtailed and air force was eliminated

8. War Guilt
Germany was forced to accept full responsibility for the war via Article 231
Reparations
German government was to pay $33 billion
League of Nations
Allies agreed to the League but the U.S. would never join
USSR and Germany were excluded

9. Consequences and Conflicts
The Weimar Republic started off with two strikes against it
Observers condemned the economic arrangements of the treaty
John Maynard Keynes predicted the ruination of the world economy

10. The inability of the victors to establish a consistent diplomatic approach torpedoed their efforts
A major reason for the treaty’s failure proved to be the isolation of both the U.S. and USSR