1. Plants

2. What is a Plant? Multicellular ________________
Cell wall made of ________________
________________
Non-motile

3. What is required for survival?
________________
Water
Gas exchange
Movement of water and ________________

4. Basics Parts ________________ Roots Stem – Gametophyte/ sporophyte
Light collectors for photosynthesis
Roots
Absorb ________________ and minerals
Stem –
Contains ________________ tissues
Xylem – tube used to move water
Phloem – tube used to move food (________________)
Gametophyte/ sporophyte

5. Plant Life Cycle
Two alternating phases called the “alternation of generations”
________________ phase – aka sporophyte phase
Plant produces ________________
________________ phase – aka gametophyte phase
Plant produces gametes through meiosis
Gametes fuse during ________________ to create a new plant

6. Groups of Plants - Bryophytes
Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Depend on ________________ for reproduction
Sperm has to ________________ to egg
Lack vascular tissue – rely on ________________ for transport of water
Typically only a few ________________ tall

7. Groups of Plants – Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns, club mosses, horsetails
Contains vascular system – _______________ and ________________ – to move water and nutrients
Can grow much ________________ and more upright
Requires ________________ for reproduction

8. Groups of Plants – Seed Plants
Two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Reproduction free of ________________
________________, cones – seed-bearing structures
________________
Contains sperm and is carried by wind or animals
Lands on female structure – called Pollination
Seeds protect ________________ and provide a ________________ source

9. Gymnosperms - “Naked Seed”
________________ -bearers: includes gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes, conifers
Reproduction takes place within cones
Pollen cones – produces _______________ grains
Seed cones – produce ovules (_______________)
Pollen is typically carried by ________________ to a seed cone
Seed cone contains a sticky secretion to “catch” the pollen to ensure ________________

10. Gymnosperms - “Naked Seed”
Fertilization occurs when sperm and egg fuse creating a ________________
Zygote develops into an ________________ and develops within a ________________

11. Angiosperms – Flowering Plants
All reproductive structures are contained in ________________
Every flower contains male structures that create ________________ and female structures that create ________________
Rely on ________________ for pollination, rather than wind
Create ________________ to protect seed

12. Angiosperms – Flowering Plants
________________
Seeds
Single cotyledon
Two cotyledons
Leaves
Parallel veins
Branched veins
Flowers
Flower parts in 3s
Flower parts in 4s or 5s
Stems
Vascular bundles scattered
Vascular bundles in a ring
Roots
Fibrous roots
taproot

13. Angiosperms - Flowers Flowers have 4 specialized parts
________________– leaf-like structure of flower
Encloses the ________________ before it opens and protects developing flower
________________– colorful part of flower
Used to attract pollinators
________________– male structure
Anther – produces ________________
Filament – supports ________________

14. Angiosperms - Flowers ________________(aka Pistil) – female structure
Ovary – contains ________________(eggs)
Stigma – sticky portion of carpel – catches ________________
Style – supports stigma; contains a tube that allows ________________ to travel from stigma to ________________

16. Angiosperms - Fruit
As seeds mature, the ovary walls thicken to form ________________ that encloses the seed
A fruit applies to any seed that is enclosed within its ________________ wall – so vegetables would also be considered fruit in this case
Huge advantage in ________________
How? ________________________________