1. Software Design, Software Coding - Are there Distinctions?
“Design” Revisited
Software Design, Software Coding - Are there Distinctions?
From Herb Simon’s work

2. Design Definition - Herb Simon
Science describes natural things
Engineering teaches how to make artifacts that have desired properties (how to design)

3. “The artificial world is centered precisely on this interface between the inner and outer environments; it is concerned with attaining goals by adapting the former to the latter. The proper study of those who are concerned with the artificial is the way in which that adaptation of means to environments is brought about - and central to that is the process of design itself.”

4. Design Definition (again)
The natural sciences are concerned with how things are.
Design is concerned with how things ought to be, with devising artifacts to attain goals.

5. Design is about “normative” “should’s” and predicate logics (descriptive) won’t suffice
modal (normative) logics exist, but are not helpful?
What do designers do?
look at process of OPTIMIZATION

6. Maximize utility -
standard optimization problem - to maximize a function subject to constraints
how do we do this using predicate logic?????
construct sets of possible worlds
consider the possible worlds that meet the constraints of the outer environment; then find the particular world in the set that meets the remaining constraints of the goal and maximizes the utility function

7. Central Topics for the Curriculum: Science of Design
The Evaluation of Designs
Theory of evaluation: utility theory, statistical decision theory
Computational methods:
Algorithms for choosing optimal alternatives
Algorithms and heuristics for choosing satisfactory alternatives

8. The Formal Logic of Design The Search for Alternatives
imperative and declarative logics
The Search for Alternatives
Heuristic search: factorization and means-ends analysis
Allocation of resources for search

9. Theory of Structure and Design Organization:
hierarchic systems
Representation of Design Problems