1. Unit11: Ancient Rome **Read page 179

2. LOCATION Rome was located along the banks of the river Tiber.

3. 1.NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Rome was located on the banks of the river Tiber on the Italian Peninsula.
Mountains, the large plain around the river Po and the islands: Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia.
In the 8th century B.C. (when Rome was founded), the Italian Peninsula was inhabited by various civilisations: the Etruscans, the Latins and the Greeks.

4. 2. THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT ROME
2.1. MONARCHY
Founded by Romulus in 753 B.C.(*read foundation of Rome), later occupied by the Etruscans and ruled by a monarch. The last Etruscan king was *deposed in 509 B.C.
2.2.REPUBLIC (from 509 to 27 B.C.)
Power was shared between:
People’s assemblies: all citizens who decided and voted on laws.
Magistrates: elected annually.
Senate: responsible for foreign policy and also controlled the army, religion, the law and the courts. Very powerful—they practically ruled.
Senatus Populusque Romanus
(The Senate and the People of Rome)

5. (“I came, I saw, I conquered”)
(Republic continued)
During the time of the Republic Rome controlled:
The Mediterranean Sea (they fought the three Punic Wars against *Carthage)
The Iberian Peninsula (Hispania)
The Republic ended when some magistrates and generals, including Julius Caesar, took control of the government.
VENI VIDI VICI
(“I came, I saw, I conquered”)

6. 2.3. Empire
** Homework: Copy map on page 182

7. (Empire continued) **H/W: p.183, ex. 4, 7, 8, 9
Began in 27 B.C. when the Senate gave political and religious power to Augustus (the adopted son of Julius Caesar)
Pax romana: social, political and economic stability (until 2nd century A.D.)
Territorial conquests: the Roman Empire reached its maximum size.
Crisis of the Third Century: period of decline (corruption, barbarian invasions, taxes and communication problems)
End of the Empire (395 A.D.): Emperor Theodosius divided the Empire (Western/Eastern)—in 476 A.D. the Germanic people deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire—Byzantine Empire.
**H/W: p.183, ex. 4, 7, 8, 9

8. 7. THE GERMANIC PEOPLE
Located next close to the River Rhine and River Danube, on the northern borders of the Roman Empire
Lived in scattered villages, close to water sources.
Organised into tribes and had tribal chiefs.
Lived from hunting, livestock and agriculture.
They moved from one place to another.
They were polytheistic
In the 3rd century they began to invade the Roman Empire: some signed pacts and others remained enemies.
In 476 A.D. the Germanic tribes conquered the Western Roman Empire (all started by the *Huns attacking them)