1. Ch. 6 Warm-Up
What are the 2 main types of cells? Which Domains do they consist of?
List 3 ways that eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes.

2. Ch. 6 Warm-Up How is the size of a cell related to its function?
Name 5 organelles or cell structures and their function.

3. Pick up handout on back counter.
Warm-Up Activity:
Pick up handout on back counter.
Complete this handout for your warm-up activity.

4. Compare and contrast Animal vs. Plant Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell
Ch. 6 Warm-Up
Compare and contrast Animal vs. Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

5. Ch. 6 Warm-Up What is the structure & function of: Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments

6. Ch. 6 Warm-Up What is the function of: Plasmodesmata Gap junctions
Tight junctions
Desmosomes

7. CHAPTER 6
A Tour of the Cell

8. Correlations 6.1 Microscopes are a tool of biochemistry
Is important science to understand but not tested directly. This is applied for indirect testing.
6.2, 6.3 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions
2.A.3 Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce, and maintain organization
2.B.3 Eukaryotic cells maintain internal membranes that partition the cell into specialized regions
4.A.2 The structure and function of subcellular components, and their interactions, provide essential cellular
6.4 The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and preforms metabolic function in the cell
4.B.2 Cooperative interactions within organisms promote efficiency in the use of energy and matter

9. Three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
You Must Know
Three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The structure and function of organelles common to plant and animal cells.
The structure and function of organelles found only in plant cells or only in animal cells.

10. 2 Types of Cells:
Prokaryotes: Domain Bacteria & Archaea
Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya): Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals

11. A PROKARYOTIC CELL (BACTERIA)
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Print this slide. White out terms and leave blanks. Have students fill in blanks including descriptions of each. Example is on p98.
Student question what is Fimbriae=smaller and thinner appendage than the flagella used to adhere to each other or animal cells or inanimate objects.

12. Compare Prokaryote Eukaryote Meaning Nucleus DNA Cytosol Organelles
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Compare
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Meaning
Nucleus
DNA
Cytosol
Organelles
Size
Complexity
example
prokaryotic and eukaryotic. "Karyose" comes from a Greek word which means "kernel," as in a kernel of grain.

13. Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
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Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
“before” “kernel”
No nucleus
DNA in a nucleoid
Cytosol
No organelles other than ribosomes
Small size
Primitive
i.e. Bacteria & Archaea
“true” “kernel”
Has nucleus and nuclear envelope
Cytosol
Membrane-bound organelles with specialized structure/function
Much larger in size
More complex
i.e. plant/animal cell
prokaryotic and eukaryotic. "Karyose" comes from a Greek word which means "kernel," as in a kernel of grain.

14. Cell Size and Scale
Scale of the Universe:
rse_2012

15. Cells must be small to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio
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Cells must be small to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio
Large S.A. allows  rates of chemical exchange between cell and environment
Osmosis and diffusion lab includes demonstration of this with argarose cubes

16. Red Blood Cell is an example of need of High Surface area to volume ratio
High surface area to volume ratio is why red blood cells have a dip in the center and are not perfect sphere this creates more surface area to allow metabolic exchanges

17. Surface Area Example (Animal):
Small Intestine: highly folded surface to increase absorption of nutrients
Villi: finger-like projections on SI wall
Microvilli: projections on each cell

18. FOLDS  VILLI  MICROVILLI

19. Surface Area Example (Plant):
Root hairs: extensions of root epidermal cells; increase surface area for absorbing water and minerals

20. Nucleus Function: control center of cell Contains DNA
Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)
Continuous with the rough ER
Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus
Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes
Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed
Discovered in 1970s
Focus of FRQ

21. Student Question: What are nuclear pores
Protein lined channel in the nuclear envelope of Eukaryotes that regulates transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Large complex of proteins that allows small molecules and ions to freely pass or diffuse into or out of the nucleus if the proteins have the unique sequences that signal admittance into the nucleus
Regulates communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm
Like a theater turn style. You must have a ticket to get in. If you are too big you use another access
There are counterfeits that pass through

22. Nuclear Pores: Extension

23. Nucleus Contains DNA Function: control center of cell
Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)
Continuous with the rough ER
Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus
Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes
Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed

24. Ribosomes Function: protein synthesis Composed of rRNA + protein
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Ribosomes
Knowledge of ribosomes are used as foundation for many cell application scenarios!
Function: protein synthesis
Composed of rRNA + protein
Large subunit + small subunit
Types:
Free ribosomes: float in cytosol, produce proteins used within cell
Bound ribosomes: attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell

25. Student Question: What is cytosol and what is difference between
Student Question: What is cytosol and what is difference between cytoplasm and cytosol
All nonnuclear portion of the cell
All organelles are in the cytoplasm
Gelatin like, semi-transparent liquid of cell
Intracellular fluid
Is a portion of the cytoplasm
This is where all metabolic chemical reactions of prokaryotes
Concentration gradients, protien complexes, etc are compartmentalized without a membrane
cytoplasm/#ixzz2JgssFkVy

26. Endomembrane System:
Regulates protein traffic & performs metabolic functions

27. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Network of membranes and sacs
Types:
Rough ER: ribosomes on surface
Function: package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to Golgi, make replacement membrane
Smooth ER: no ribosomes on surface
Function: synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detox drugs & poisons, store Ca2+
Arent totally different. Rough has a congregation of ribosomes that just happen to be in cytoplam with H bonding on outside of ribosome caused by pH, other rxn rate affecting
Packaging= cut and modify protiens 3 4 3D struct

28. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Does Pancreases have rough ER or smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes on the outside. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. Pancreas synthesizes lots of excretory enzymes = proteins.

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Golgi Apparatus
Function: synthesis & packaging of materials (small molecules) for transport (in vesicles); produce lysosomes
Series of flattened membrane sacs (cisternae)
Cis face: receives vesicles
Trans face: ships vesicles
Pass through membrane= too big, hydropho phil
Golgi trans in vescicle to transports out, vescicle attaches to the membrane, exocytopsis material into extra celular matrix

30. Lysosomes
Function: intracellular digestion; recycle cell’s materials; programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Contains hydrolytic enzymes

31. Vacuoles
Function: storage of materials (food, water, minerals, pigments, poisons)
Membrane-bound vesicles
Eg. food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles
Plants: large central vacuole -- stores water, ions

35. Parts of plant & animal cell p 108-109

37. Mitochondria Function: site of cellular respiration
Double membrane: outer and inner membrane
Cristae: folds of inner membrane; contains enzymes for ATP production; increased surface area to  ATP made
Matrix: fluid-filled inner compartment

38. Chloroplasts Function: site of photosynthesis Double membrane
Thylakoid disks in stacks (grana); stroma (fluid)
Contains chlorophylls (pigments) for capturing sunlight energy

39. Endosymbiont theory Mitochondria & chloroplasts share similar origin
Prokaryotic cells engulfed by ancestors of eukaryotic cells
Evidence:
Double-membrane structure
Have own ribosomes & DNA
Reproduce independently within cell

40. Peroxisomes Functions: break down fatty acids; detox alcohol
Involves production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

41. Cytoskeleton: network of protein fibers
Function: support, motility, regulate biochemical activities

42. Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Outside plasma membrane
Composed of glycoproteins (ex. collagen)
Function: Strengthens tissues and transmits external signals to cell

43. Intercellular Junctions (Animal cells)
Tight junctions: 2 cells are fused to form watertight seal
Desmosomes: “rivets” that fasten cells into strong sheets
Gap junctions: channels through which ions, sugar, small molecules can pass

44. Plant Cells Cell wall: protect plant, maintain shape
Composed of cellulose
Plasmodesmata: channels between cells to allow passage of molecules

45. Plant Cells Only
Animals Cells Only
Central vacuoles
Lysosomes
Chloroplasts
Centrioles
Cell wall of cellulose
Flagella, cilia
Plasmodesmata
Desmosomes, tight and gap junctions
Extracellular matrix (ECM)

46. Harvard cell video
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