1. REFLECTIONS of PLANE AND SPHERICAL MIRRORS

2. LAW OF REFLECTION

3. HOW DOES A LARGE BODY FIT INTO A SMALL MIRROR?

4. REFLECTIONS AND LIGHT RAYS IN A PLANE MIRROR
In a plane mirror, the image is upright (heads up), virtual (inside the mirror), has the same size, same distance but laterally inversed as the object.

5. SPHERICAL MIRRORS
a. Concave mirror b. convex mirror

6. TERMS USED WITH SPHERICAL MIRRORS
1. Center of curvature (C) – center of the sphere of which the mirror is a part.
2. Aperture – angular opening of the sphere that encloses the mirror.
3. Vertex – center of the mirror.
4. Principal axis – line from center of curvature to vertex.
5. Principal focus (F) – midpoint of principal axis.
6. Focal length (f) – line drawn from principal focus to vertex.
7. Normal line – any line drawn from the surface of the mirror perpendicular to the tangent of the surface
8. Virtual image – image formed by light rays which cannot be projected onto a screen.

7. CONCAVE MIRROR

8. CONVEX MIRROR

9. RULES FOR RAY-TRACING IN CONCAVE MIRRORS
1. Parallel rays (P) of light are reflected through the principal focus F.
2. Rays of light passing through F are reflected parallel (reverse of rule 1)
3. A ray of light passing through the center of curvature C will strike the mirror at right angles and will be reflected back along its own path.
4. The position of the top of the image is where the reflected rays meet

10. CONCAVE MIRROR

11. If object is placed between principal focus F and vertex, the image is behind the mirror, virtual, upright, and larger in size.
CONCAVE MIRROR

12. If the object is placed beyond C, the image is inverted, reduced in size and real.
If the object is placed between C and F, the image is beyond C, inverted, larger in size and real.
CONCAVE MIRROR

13. Special cases:
If object is at C, the image is at C, inverted, same size and real
If object is at F, the image is at infinity.

14. RULES FOR RAY-TRACING IN CONVEX MIRRORS
1. Parallel rays of light are reflected so that they appear to come from F.
2. Rays of light moving toward C hit the mirror at right angle and are reflected back along their own path.

15. CONVEX MIRROR

16. The image is behind the mirror, upright, smaller in size and virtual.
CONVEX MIRROR