1. Getting Started on a Paper: Exploring ideas for a writing assignment

2. Lets say youve got a paper due next Wednesday….

3. Your professor probably assigned a general topic, but its your job to narrow that topic down.

4. How do you get started? Do you wait for inspiration? What if you dont feel inspired before Wednesday?

5. People who write for a living know that they cant wait for the Muse to come along and give them a hand…

6. …but professional writers also know some tricks to get their mental gears turning. In this workshop, well review techniques that student writers often find helpful when they are tackling a writing assignment.

7. Some of these are even fun!

8. The purpose of all of these invention techniques is to explore ideas, to find out what youthe writerknow and dont know about the topic, and what parts of the topic interest you.

9. What youll put on paper is not a draft of the actual essay. Its an exploration. No one has to see it but youso be sloppy if you want!

10. When youre thinking through ideas for writing, jot them down on paper. This helps you: remember details. remember details. keep several ideas in mind at the same time. keep several ideas in mind at the same time. Analyze parts of an idea. Analyze parts of an idea. see connections between ideas. see connections between ideas. sort through ideas, discarding some and focusing on others. sort through ideas, discarding some and focusing on others.

11. When you have a general topic, you can get a better overview by creating an idea map. This not only gets your ideas down on paper, but also gives you a sense of hierarchyhelps you decide which are major and which are minor ideas. Finally, it shows connections between ideas.

12. Mapping: Draw a circle in the middle of your paper. Draw a circle in the middle of your paper. Write your main topic/idea in that circle. Write your main topic/idea in that circle. Around the circle, write ideas that come to mind ABOUT your main idea. Circle each one, and draw a line connecting it to the middle circle. Around the circle, write ideas that come to mind ABOUT your main idea. Circle each one, and draw a line connecting it to the middle circle. Start branching out, clustering specifics and details around each circle and connecting them to the relevant circle. Start branching out, clustering specifics and details around each circle and connecting them to the relevant circle.

13. For a history research paper on 1776: 1776 Declaration of Independence Continental Congress Crossing The Delaware British Loyalists George Washington

14. Next step: branch out some more… George Washington Wealthy, so he could stay as long as he needed to His soldiers were inexperienced Made some strategic mistakes First-time general

15. …and more! Washington: First-Time General Hot-headed No experience As general Experienced officer Made Strategic mistakes New York campaign Self- doubts

16. By now youve narrowed the topic down enough so its specific and manageable.

17. Other names for mapping: Clustering Clustering Bubble diagram Bubble diagram Webbing Webbing Cognitive map Cognitive map

18. Brainstorming: Write down your main topic/idea. Write down your main topic/idea. Make a list of everything you can think of about your topic. Dont try to put it in order at this pointjust do some free association. Make a list of everything you can think of about your topic. Dont try to put it in order at this pointjust do some free association. Finally, go back and look at what youve written. Circle the parts that interest you. Finally, go back and look at what youve written. Circle the parts that interest you. Do more brainstorming about the circled parts, or use another invention technique. Do more brainstorming about the circled parts, or use another invention technique.

19. Brainstorming is also called: Listing Listing Free association Free association

20. Outlining: Write down your main topic. Write down your main topic. Divide it into large categories, writing these flush with the left margin of your paper. Divide it into large categories, writing these flush with the left margin of your paper. Under each category, list subcategories. Indent to write them under the large categories. Under each category, list subcategories. Indent to write them under the large categories.

21. Example of outlining: Sibling squabbles. Sibling squabbles. My brother and I. My brother and I. I was older, so I was better at teasing. I was older, so I was better at teasing. Clarinet practice. Clarinet practice. The diary incident. The diary incident.

22. Like mapping, outlining gives you a sense of hierarchyit distinguishes between the major ideas and the minor ones.

23. Free writing: Simply writingin sentences or phrasesyour random thoughts about a topic.

24. When you free write, your purpose is to simply capture ideasnot to write a finished draft. Free writing is not an assignment to be graded; its just something to get you thinking at length about your topic.

25. So remember, its okay if what you write … Isnt organized Is kind of sloppy Strays from the topic Has spelling, punctuation, or grammar errors.

26. Focused free writing: Think of a topic before you begin. Think of a topic before you begin. Decide on a specific amount of time for writing5 or 10 minutes. Decide on a specific amount of time for writing5 or 10 minutes. Time yourself. Time yourself. Dont stop writing during this time. If necessary, write I dont know what to say next. Dont stop writing during this time. If necessary, write I dont know what to say next. Look back over what youve written; circle stuff you want to use in a draft. Look back over what youve written; circle stuff you want to use in a draft.

27. If you dont have enough ideas, focus on the circled parts and do more free writing.

28. Here are some practice topics for free writing: Snowmen Snowmen My pet My pet A chore I hate A chore I hate My favorite music My favorite music Someone in my family Someone in my family My worst date My worst date What shopping cart contents can tell us about a person What shopping cart contents can tell us about a person

29. Dont forget: Writing Center tutors can help you with these getting-started techniques.